Magnetic resonance imaging of the penis

Vossough, Arastoo; Pretorius, E. Scott; Siegelman, Evan S.; Ramchandani, Parvati; Banner, Marc P.

doi:10.1007/s00261-001-0136-2

Cited by 48 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Metastases to the penis are rare, usually occur in the setting of a more widespread metastatic disease and can at times be difficult to distinguish from primary penile cancer on MRI. The most frequent primary cancers to metastasise to the penis are from genitourinary tumours and rectosigmoid carcinoma, with prostate and bladder being the commonest sites [12,14]. Typically penile metastases are seen as multiple discrete nodules within the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum with a low signal intensity compared with the adjacent corpora ( Fig.…”

Section: Primary Tumour Stagingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…MRI with its superior soft tissue resolution is the most sensitive imaging modality for local staging [11]. The MRI characteristics are nonspecific but primary penile carcinoma is often a solitary, ill-defined and infiltrating mass hypointense to the adjacent corpora on both T1-and T2-weighted images [12]. The local extent, depth of tumour invasion, involvement of tunica, corpora, urethra and extension to adjacent structures can be accurately depicted using MRI and this information is valuable for surgical planning.…”

Section: Primary Tumour Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging in primary penile cancer: current status and future directions

2009

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Penile cancer is a rare neoplasm in the developed world. Clinical assessment often results in inaccurate staging and radiological techniques have a key role in staging and postoperative assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicts penile anatomy in detail and is the most accurate technique for local staging and postoperative follow-up. MRI and ultrasound (US), although helpful for assessment of lymph nodes, are not reliable enough for accurate nodal staging. US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), however, remains a valuable tool to confirm metastases in suspicious inguinal nodes. Lymphoscintigraphy with dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) is a promising technique used to predict occult lymph node metastases. Novel imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) and nanoparticle enhanced MRI have high sensitivity and specificity for lymph node metastases but their availability is limited and clinical utility is not fully established. The radiologist needs to be familiar with the normal penile anatomy, imaging appearances of pre- and post-treatment penile cancer, and the advantages and limitations of the available imaging techniques. This review highlights the above points and presents a systematic approach to make the best use of imaging in the management of patients with penile cancer.

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Section: Primary Tumour Stagingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Primary Tumour Stagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging in primary penile cancer: current status and future directions

2009

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“…Closure of small tears with a thrombus may produce false-negative results. Magnetic resonance imaging is highly accurate in evaluation of penile fracture [11,20]; however, it is rarely performed in the acute setting and most penile traumas are managed via clinics and US.…”

Section: Nonpenetrating Traumas To the Erect Penismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retrograde uretrography can be used to assess integrity of the urethra. US, CT and MR imaging can add information in complex traumas involving the pelvis [11].…”

Section: Penetrating Traumas To the Penismentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of penile traumas—therapeutic implications

2005

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Injury to the penis may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating trauma. Nonpenetrating injury to the erect penis can produce albugineal tear, intracavernous hematoma or extraalbugineal hematoma from rupture of the dorsal vessels. Nonpenetrating injury to the flaccid penis usually follows blunt perineal traumas producing extratunical or cavernosal haematomas, or cavernosal artery tear followed by high flow priapism. Differential diagnosis between albugineal tear and other penile injuries must be obtained as soon as possible, since early surgical repair of albugineal tear reduces significantly the rate of postraumatic curvature and fibrosis. Ultrasonography (US) is able to detect the exact site of the tear in most patients as an interruption of the thin echogenic line of the tunica albuginea. Other imaging techniques are rarely required in the clinical practice. Color Doppler US is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate patients with high flow priapism. Focal or diffuse cavernosal fibrosis can be identified with US as echogenic areas in the cavernosal bodies. Postraumatic erectile dysfunction can result from fibrotic changes, nerve and vascular impairment or both. Doppler evaluation of penile vasculature is required in young patients with postraumatic impotence before surgical revascularization procedures.

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging is at least as sensitive as ultrasonography to determine the extent of plaque formation and to assess whether the corpora cavernosa and the penile septum are involved ( Vossough et al 2002). Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive than grey scale ultrasonography in assessing non-calcifi ed plaques at the penile basis (Hauck et al 2003) and can be useful during the follow-up of patients undergoing conservative pharmacologic treatment as an objective measure of therapeutic response.…”

Section: Diagnostic Role Of Other Imaging Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%