Magnetic resonance imaging of normal bone marrow

Berg, Bruno C. Vande; Malghem, Jacques; Lecouvet, Frédéric; Maldague, B.

doi:10.1007/s003300050547

Cited by 215 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The conversion follows from the peripheral to the center, and from the diaphysis into the metaphysis [10]. The conversion is mostly completed until the age of 25, and only some residual red bone marrow remains in some areas such as the sternum, vertebra, ribs, pelvis, proximal femur, and humerus [6,11]. These residual red bone marrow areas may show differences in each individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI of Residual Red Bone Marrow in the Distal Femur of Healthy Subjects

2015

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SummaryBackroundThe purpose of our study is to examine the correlation of the residual red bone marrow areas of distal femoral metaphysis with the age, gender, weight and hemoglobin (hgb) values; evaluate the results, and comprehend the importance of these residual areas in the light of the results.Material/Methods140 nonsmoking patients between the ages of 26 and 72 (92 women, 48 men) who had knee MR examinations were included in the study. The residual red bone marrow areas in the distal femoral metaphysis in MR images were examined by a radiologist. The areas were separated into grades according to their sizes. The hemoglobin values of the cases were measured. The size of the residual red bone marrow area and the age, gender, weight and hemoglobin values of the cases were compared by using the Tukey and Chi-Square Tests.ResultsAlthough no significant differences were observed between the mean ages, weights and hemoglobin values of the grades, a significant difference was detected between the gender distribution The male group had less residual red bone marrow in the distal femoral metaphysis than the female group (p=0.003).ConclusionsWe observed that the hypointensities due to residual red bone marrow observed in the T1WS of the distal femoral metaphysis are not related with the age, weight and hemoglobin values. No grade 2 and grade 3 patient was detected in male group. We observed that these hypointense areas showed difference according to the gender variable; however, were not affected by the hemoglobin values over certain levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI of Residual Red Bone Marrow in the Distal Femur of Healthy Subjects

2015

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“…There are two main components of bone marrow: hematopoietic (red) marrow and fatty (yellow) marrow [33]. The composition of bone marrow is location-, age-, and gender-specific [33, 34]. For example, at birth, all bone marrow is red and contains cells for blood formation.…”

Section: New Approach: Bone Marrow Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adults, half of the medullary cavity is occupied by yellow marrow, with its chemical composition of 80% fat, 15% water, and 5% protein. By the age of 25 years, red marrow, consisting of only 40% fat, can be found primarily in the axial skeleton, rib, sternums, and metaphysis of femora and humeri with a progressive increase of fat cell proportion [34]. …”

Section: New Approach: Bone Marrow Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Bone Marrow and Visceral Fat on Bone Metabolism

Sheu

Cauley

2011

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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The protective effect of total fat mass on bone mineral density (BMD) has been challenged with studies showing no or negative association after adjusting for weight. Subsequently, more studies have evaluated the relationship of regional adiposity with BMD, and findings were inconsistent for central obesity. Advancements in imaging techniques enable us to directly and noninvasively study the role of adiposity on skeletal health. Visceral adiposity measured by computed tomography (CT) has consistently been shown to have negative effects on bone. Availability of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) also allows us to noninvasively quantify bone marrow fat (BMF), which has been known to be associated with osteoporosis from histomorphometric studies. Using MRS along with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, studies have reported a detrimental role of BMF on BMD. With the increase in aging and obesity of the population, it is important to continue this effort in identifying the contribution of adipose tissues to bone quality and fracture.

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“…Yellow marrow is enriched in the medullary cavity and red marrow in the spongy, trabecular bone (Parfitt et al, 1983; Vande Berg et al, 1998). Cell content in the marrow is a dynamic process, and yellow marrow can expand and contract as haematopoiesis occurs (Gimble et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of intact bone marrow

Jansen

Birch

Schiffman

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

173

146

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The current knowledge of bone marrow mechanics is limited to its viscous properties, neglecting the elastic contribution of the extracellular matrix. To get a more complete view of the mechanics of marrow, we characterized intact yellow porcine bone marrow using three different, but complementary techniques: rheology, indentation, and cavitation. Our analysis shows that bone marrow is elastic, and has a large amount of intra- and inter-sample heterogeneity, with an effective Young’s modulus ranging from 0.25–24.7 kPa at physiological temperature. Each testing method was consistent across matched tissue samples, and each provided unique benefits depending on user needs. We recommend bulk rheology to capture the effects of temperature on tissue elasticity and moduli, indentation for quantifying local tissue heterogeneity, and cavitation rheology for mitigating destructive sample preparation. We anticipate the knowledge of bone marrow elastic properties for building in vitro models will elucidate mechanisms involved in disease progression and regenerative medicine.

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Magnetic resonance imaging of normal bone marrow

Cited by 215 publications

References 55 publications

MRI of Residual Red Bone Marrow in the Distal Femur of Healthy Subjects

MRI of Residual Red Bone Marrow in the Distal Femur of Healthy Subjects

The Role of Bone Marrow and Visceral Fat on Bone Metabolism

Mechanics of intact bone marrow

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