Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental testicular torsion

Kaipia, Antti; Ryymin, Pertti; Mäkelä, E. Antero; Aaltonen, Minna; Kähärä, Veikko; Kangasniemi, Marko

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00576.x

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…For these reasons, it has limited use. Diffusion weighted imaging has been shown to be a successful method in the diagnosis of complete TT in the early period [ 5 , 18 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of DWI in partial testicular torsion in the early stage has not been investigated to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Color Doppler Ultrasound in Evaluation of Partial Testicular Torsion in Rat Model

Ufuk¹,

Herek²,

Herek³

et al. 2018

Pol J Radiol

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SummaryBackgroundTo evaluate the utility of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the diagnosis of incomplete testicular torsion.Material/MethodsFourteen Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into two groups. In group 1 (control), left testicles were kept outside for 45 seconds and then replaced, whereas left testicles were twisted by 360° in group 2. Four hours later, DWI was performed. After that, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and testicular color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) were performed by two radiologists who looked for the presence or absence of blood flow. ADC measurements were carried out by two radiologists who were blinded to each other’s measurements. After CDU, testes were surgically removed and a pathological examination was performed after four hours of torsion. Comparisons of minimum, mean, and maximum ADC values in testicles were performed with the Wilcoxon test. P value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Inter-observer agreement was also analyzed.ResultsIn the torsion group, minimum ADC values for left testicles were significantly lower than for the control group (p<0.05), regardless of the observer. Inter-observer agreement for measurements of ADCmin and ADCmax values was substantial, with an ICC score of 0.751 and 0.774, respectively (95% CI). Inter-observer agreement for the measurement of ADCmean value was excellent, with an ICC score of 0.844 (95% CI). The pathological examination revealed mild interstitial edema and closely packed seminiferous tubules in the left testes, indicating reversible damage in the torsion group.ConclusionsOn the pathological examination, all left testes in the torsion group were recoverable after four hours of torsion. Minimum ADC values can be used as an auxiliary method in the diagnosis of partial testicular torsion. Comparing minimum ADC values between the affected and non-affected testicles can be a useful tool in the early diagnosis of incomplete testicular torsion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Color Doppler Ultrasound in Evaluation of Partial Testicular Torsion in Rat Model

Ufuk¹,

Herek²,

Herek³

et al. 2018

Pol J Radiol

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“…In rat testes, in vivo scans at lower field strengths (4.7T) show tubular structure in T2 weighted images with scan times of 68 minutes or less (5). Even lower field strengths (1.5T) have successfully been used in rats to detect hypoperfusion following experimental testicular torsion using scan sequences lasting less than 10 minutes (5, 21). This, combined with our high-resolution structural images in situ, strongly suggests that high field strength MRI is both feasible and useful when investigating murine testes in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MRI/MRS may also be valuable clinical tools. For example, MRI can be used in humans to visualise intratesticular lesions (22-24), testicular tumours (25), torsion (21, 26), varicoceles (27, 28) and testicle location (29) at common clinical MR field strengths. Reduction in testicular size, epididymis diameter or seminiferous tubule diameter (30) may be markers of disrupted spermatogenesis, and the size of either could thus potentially be used as an indicator of pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging seminiferous tubules – a 9.4T MRI mouse model

Herigstad

Granados-Aparici

Pacey

et al. 2017

Preprint

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20 Fertility problems affect many couples. Research into male fertility commonly uses mouse models 21 due to their availability and similar spermatogenesis to humans. A common target is the seminiferous 22 tubules, the site of spermatozoa production, typically studied using biopsies and histological analysis. 23High-field Magnetic Resonance (MR) may offer a non-invasive alternative to investigate testicular 24 function in infertility models. Here, we assess seminiferous tubules structure in sacrificed mice to 25 determine the usefulness of MR compared to histology. Twelve mice (11 aged 35-57 days, one >9 26 months) were sacrificed and MR imaged at 9.4T with a Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation 27 Enhancement sequence. Testes were scanned in situ for all mice, and excised in a subset of mice (n=4). 28A second subset of mice (n=4) had their testes selected for histological analysis. Seminiferous tubule 29 diameter was measured manually from MRI and histology images. Custom image analysis scripts 30 were created for the automated segmentation of seminiferous tubules and calculation of tissue 31 volumes. All ex vivo and in situ images of testes exhibited clear outlines of seminiferous tubules. 32Ratio of total testis volume to volume of seminiferous tubules did not differ significantly between ex 33 vivo and in situ measurements, and were similar in mature and younger mice. Both total testis volume 34 and seminiferous tubule volume were larger in the mature animal. While histological slices trended 35 towards larger average seminiferous tubules diameter than MRI images, we found no significant 36 differences between MRI and histological measurements. High-field MRI can be used in a mouse 37 model to assess testicular structure in situ. All volumetric measurements compared favourably with 38 histological data. In situ scans also clearly showed identifiable extra-testicular tissues, such as 39 epididymis and prostate tissues. The potential to image tissues associated with sperm maturation as 40 well as spermatogenesis emphasises how MR could be a useful technique in mouse models of fertility, 41 however further work is required to optimize tissue segmentation and validate this method for use in 42 longitudinal studies. This type of measurement could be extended to human fertility studies in the 43 future. 44 45. CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another method that can be done with or without contrast enhancement 28. In an experimental study, it was stated that torsion caused ipsilateral hypoperfusion, resulting in decreased gadolinium uptake on MRI 29. It was reported that contrast‐enhanced subtraction MRI could provide information about testicular perfusion in testicular torsion, which shows no or little contrast enhancement regarding hemorrhagic necrosis 30.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%