Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental mouse colitis and association with inflammatory activity

Larsson, Anna E.; Melgar, Silvia; Rehnström, Erika; Michaëlsson, Erik; Svensson, Lennart; Hockings, Paul D.; Olsson, Lars

doi:10.1097/00054725-200606000-00006

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The colon wall was macroscopically scored for the following parameters: thickness (0-4), stiffness (0-2), oedema (0-3) and visible ulcerations (0-1), with a total maximum score of 10 as previously described [8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐induced Colitis Generates a Transient Thymic Involution – Impact on Thymocyte Subsets

et al. 2007

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One of the most widely used animal models for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis. We have previously reported that 5 days administration of DSS in C57Bl/6J mice induces a colonic inflammation that progresses into chronicity after DSS removal, whereas in BALB/cJ mice the inflammation resolves within 4 weeks post‐DSS. Here we show that both thymic size and thymocyte numbers dramatically decreased in the acute phase of inflammation in C57Bl/6 mice, 7 days after DSS withdrawal. Mature, CD4+ and CD8+ single positive (SP) CD69lo CD62Lhi thymocytes were enriched in these mice, accompanied by a major decrease in the number of immature double positive (DP) thymocytes. However, the different maturation stages within the DP thymocyte subset were unchanged between healthy and inflamed C57Bl/6J mice. Interestingly, as the inflammation progressed into the chronic phase, the thymus recovered and 2 weeks after the acute inflammatory phase all the thymic parameters investigated in this study were restored to normal. In contrast, BALB/cJ mice only develop mild thymic alterations. Nevertheless, we found that within the double negative (DN) thymocytes an increased frequency and also total numbers of CD44+ CD25− (DN1) cells correlated with the severety of colitis, and that the frequency of CD44− CD25− (DN4) thymocytes decreased proportionally in the acute phase in BALB/cJ mice. Our observations suggest that the thymic effects are intimately connected to the intestinal inflammatory response in colitis regardless of the inflammatory stimuli.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐induced Colitis Generates a Transient Thymic Involution – Impact on Thymocyte Subsets

et al. 2007

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“…Intestinal inflammation usually leads to an accumulation of inflammatory cells in the intestinal mucosa, leading to a thicker intestinal wall. The thinner intestinal wall observed when using antibiotics as feed additives is consistent with a reduction in inflammation because of the reduced influx and accumulation of inflammatory cells (LARSSON et al, 2006). Moreover, inflammation and cytokine release promotes catabolism of muscle tissue and loss of appetite (GRUYS et al, 2006), which additionally affects an animal's performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of colistin and tylosin used as feed additives on the performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune response of nursery pigs

Mazutti

Costa

Nascimento

et al. 2016

SCA

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For the last several decades, antimicrobial compounds have been used as feed additives to promote piglet growth at weaning, through the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease. However, few studies have assessed the influence of these antibiotics on the immune response of nursery pigs, as well as the relation between performance, health, and immunity of animals that receive feed additives. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of colistin and tylosin when used as feed additives on the performance, incidence of diarrhea, and immune response of nursery pigs. In this study, 72 weaned pigs (average age, 28 days) were allotted into one of three treatment groups: a control group (feed with no antibiotics), tylosin group (feed containing 22 ppm tylosin), and colistin group (feed containing 20 ppm colistin). Weekly, during a five week period, the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of the pigs were evaluated. Stools were scored daily, in accordance with a fecal texture scale. Blood samples were collected on the day of housing (d0) and on d7, d21, d28, and d35 for immune cell phenotyping. The results of this study showed that piglets in both the colistin and tylosin groups exhibited a significantly higher average daily feed intake, resulting in a higher body weight at the end of the experimental period (d35) when compared with piglets from the control group. Colistin and tylosin also significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea. Colistin and tylosin modulated the piglets' immune responses, particularly on d28, by changing the percentage of circulating B lymphocytes, CD4 + CD8 + T cells, and the CD4:CD8 ratio. ResumoNas últimas décadas, os compostos antimicrobianos têm sido utilizados como aditivos alimentares para promover o crescimento de leitões ao desmame, por meio da prevenção de doenças clínicas e subclínicas. No entanto, poucos estudos avaliaram a influência destes antibióticos sobre a resposta imune de leitões na fase de creche, bem como a relação entre o desempenho, a saúde e a imunidade dos animais com o uso destes aditivos. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da colistina e da tilosina como aditivos na alimentação sobre o desempenho, incidência de diarreia e resposta imune de leitões na fase de creche. Para isso, foram utilizados 72 suínos recém-desmamados, com 28 dias de idade em media, divididos em três tratamentos: grupo controle (ração sem antibiótico), grupo tilosina (ração com 22 ppm de tilosina), grupo colistina (ração com 20 ppm de colistina). Semanalmente, durante cinco semanas, foi analisado o consumo deração diário, o ganho de peso diário e a conversão alimentar dos leitões. As fezes foram avaliadas diariamente, com a atribuição de escores relacionados à sua consistência. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no momento do alojamento (d0) e aos d7, d21, d28 e d35, sendo submetidas à técnica de citometria de fluxo. Os resultados demonstraram que tanto o grupo colistina como o grupo tilosina promove...

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“…In addition, a strong correlation has been reported between colonic inflammatory severity and colon wall thickness in an animal model of colitis. 10) Melgar et al showed that histological inflammatory score in colonic mucosa and colon weight per unit length progressively increased after cessation of DSS treatment. 9) Taken together, the present and previous findings suggest that the colon weight per unit length may be useful as a comprehensive and objective indicator of colonic inflammatory responses such as immune cell infiltration of mucosal and submucosal regions, mucosal edema, epithelium hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and fibrosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tacrolimus Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice: Implication of Interferon-.GAMMA. and Interleukin-1.BETA. Suppression

Okada

Maeda

Takakura

et al. 2011

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), major inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) affecting the gastrointestinal tract in humans, are characterized by chronic and spontaneously relapsing inflammation. While the etiology of IBD is not fully understood, early histological and functional changes as well as late permanent tissue destruction are known to be induced by mucosal injury in the colon caused by inflammatory responses generated by persistent and inadequate mucosal innate and adoptive immune reactions against intestinal bacteria, as well as by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals.1,2) While systemic glucocorticoids (GCs) are considered the current first-line therapy for patients with severe UC, approximately 30% of patients do not respond to GC therapy. 3)In recent years, oral treatment with tacrolimus has been proven effective in inducing remission in patients with refractory UC, thereby allowing for the reduction or withdrawal of GC. 4,5) However, while tacrolimus is known to inhibit production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, and interferon (IFN)-g in activated peripheral T cells through inhibition of calcineurin activity, 6) little is known regarding its effect on the production of cytokines in inflamed colon tissue.It is shown that in rodents, acute colitis was induced during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment, mainly through activating innate immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, 7) and colitis was perpetuated via the adaptive immune response, primarily by T cell activation, even after cessation of DSS treatment.8) Melger et al. showed that colon tissue in the chronic phase of DSS-induced colitis shared some pathophysiological aspects with human UC, such as ulceration, edema, dense infiltration of mononuclear cells, irregular epithelial formation with crypt distortion, and goblet cell depletion. 9) Given these findings, the DSS-induced colitis model is believed to be suitable for evaluating the therapeutic potential of drugs for treating UC.Here, using inflamed colons of colitic mice, we investigated the effect of tacrolimus on extant colitis and on the release of IFN-g, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, cytokines pivotal in inducing and perpetuating colitis in DSS-treated mice and humans with UC. 9) MATERIALS AND METHODSDrugs Solid dispersion formulation of tacrolimus and its placebo were prepared by Astellas Pharma Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). These compounds were suspended in distilled water and diluted to appropriate concentrations at the time of use.Animals Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, purchased from Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc. (Kanagawa, Japan), were maintained in a temperature-and humidity-controlled room with a 12-h light-dark cycle. All animal experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Astellas Pharma Inc. and were in accordance with regulations laid down by the Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care.Induction of C...

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Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental mouse colitis and association with inflammatory activity

Cited by 48 publications

References 34 publications

Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐induced Colitis Generates a Transient Thymic Involution – Impact on Thymocyte Subsets

Dextran Sulfate Sodium‐induced Colitis Generates a Transient Thymic Involution – Impact on Thymocyte Subsets

Effect of colistin and tylosin used as feed additives on the performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune response of nursery pigs

Tacrolimus Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice: Implication of Interferon-.GAMMA. and Interleukin-1.BETA. Suppression

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