Magnetic Resonance Imaging Localization of the Vertebral Level of Termination of the Spinal Cord in Adults in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

An, Mbaba; Mp, Ogolodom; Abam, Rufus; Oy, Ijeruh; Ms, Okpaleke; Bu, Maduka; Oc, Iwuagwu

doi:10.36648/1989-5216.12.2.306

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additionally, some other studies 5,24,32,37,46,64,65,78 determined that the average level of CMt was significantly lower in females statistically. On the other hand, many studies 17,19,22,25,[27][28][29]33,34,36,44,45,[48][49][50] did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the genders, as is the case with the present study examining both healthy individuals and patients with disc herniation. Mbaba et al 25 reported that the probable reason for these variations are to be as the different sample sizes studied and geographical variations in the literature.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…These intervertebral spaces can be found through palpation, following the line starting from the top of the iliac crest and intersecting with the spine at a straight angle. 78 Relationship between the CMt Level and Age Whereas many studies 5,17,22,24,25,27,29,33,34,[48][49][50] report not having found any correlation between the level of CMt and the age, Ugale et al 41 reported that the level of CMt tends to rise with age. Karabulut et al 21 reported that the CMt level tends to rise with age in the females, while no correlation with the age was found in the males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…75 However, mean levels of CMt were stated to be at the level of L1 vertebra in the 39th edition of Gray's Anatomy 76 and Gray's Clinical Neuroanatomy, 71 between the L1 and L2 vertebrae in the 40th edition of Gray's Anatomy, 77 and at the level of L1M in the 41st edition of Gray's Anatomy, 4 showing variations. In the literature, the level of CMt has been examined in many studies 5,11,[17][18][19]21,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]33,34,[36][37][38]45,[48][49][50][51]78 (Table 4). While some of these studies 5,17,19,21,24,25,28,37,[48][49][50][51] examined healthy individuals, some also included patients with pathologies such as lumbar spinal stenosis, 18 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 20 ankylosing spondylitis, 31 and Chiari I malformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, the level of CMt has been examined in many studies 5,11,[17][18][19]21,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]33,34,[36][37][38]45,[48][49][50][51]78 (Table 4). While some of these studies 5,17,19,21,24,25,28,37,[48][49][50][51] examined healthy individuals, some also included patients with pathologies such as lumbar spinal stenosis, 18 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 20 ankylosing spondylitis, 31 and Chiari I malformation. 40 Others compared healthy individuals with a variety of groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examination of the Level of Conus Medullaris Termination Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Recognition of the level of the conus medullaris termination (CMt) is of clinical importance for avoiding iatrogenic injuries during spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture. Although CMt levels have been examined in a variety of studies, they vary in classical textbooks and literature studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of CMt and its correlation to gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthy individuals and those with lumbar disc herniation. Methods: The lumbar MRIs of 341 subjects, including healthy individuals (F: 123, M: 68) and those with lumbar disc herniation (F: 105, M: 45), were retrospectively examined, and the CMt levels were determined. Results: It was found that CMt levels were most commonly located at upper 1/3 of the L1 vertebral body in both healthy individuals and those with disc herniation groups. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups evaluated. In addition, no significant mean level of CMt, weight, height, and BMI difference existed between the two groups. Conclusion: In the literature, the highest level of CMt is seen as being at the intervertebral disc between T11 and T12 vertebrae, while the lowest level of the CMt is seen as being at lower 1/3 of the L3 vertebral body. Consequently, we are of the opinion that the L3-4 or L4-5 intervertebral spaces should be preferred to lower the complication rate in procedures such as spinal anesthesia and lumbar puncture.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examination of the Level of Conus Medullaris Termination Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2021

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Morphometry of Conus Medullaris in the Saudi Population and Its Clinical Importance

Hiware¹,

Doss²,

Alola³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The objective of this article is to evaluate the morphometry and termination of conus medullaris (CM) in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. MethodologyThe lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 179 citizens of Saudi Arabia were selected and divided into males and females. Parameters such as the level of termination of CM, the length/width of CM, and its termination were reported. ResultsThe maximum number of males and females were observed in the less than 20 years age group as 23 (25.5%) and 22 (24.7%), respectively. The termination level of CM was at the (first lumbar vertebra) L1 vertebra in 51.4% of the Saudi population. The level of termination of CM is below the (second lumbar vertebra) L2 level in one patient at L3, L3-L4, L5, and L5-S1 levels. On comparing the length of CM, no statistically significant difference was observed between the different levels of the vertebra. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the width and the CM termination (p=0.02). The various age groups and CM termination had no statistically significant correlation (p=0.47). ConclusionThe most common level of termination of conus medullaris was at the L1 vertebra. The level of CM termination is strongly associated with the width of CM.

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Spinal Cord Termination and Lumbar Puncture Safety in Spinal Deformities

Alamri,

Almaktoum,

Alghanim

et al. 2024

Cureus

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BackgroundLumbar puncture, a common diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, is performed regardless of individual spinal alignment variations. However, the impact of kyphosis, scoliosis, and kyphoscoliosis on spinal cord termination level and lumbar puncture safety remains unclear. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine if the termination level of the spinal cord is different in individuals with spinal deformities and to assess the necessity of routine neuroimaging for safe lumbar puncture localization. Study design and settingsThis single-center retrospective study was conducted at a university hospital using patients' electronic medical records. The study was focused on patients diagnosed with kyphosis, scoliosis, or kyphoscoliosis using spinal magnetic resonance imaging from January 2010 to December 2022. ParticipantsWe evaluated 240 patients: 120 with diagnosed spinal deformities (kyphosis, scoliosis, or kyphoscoliosis) and 120 without deformities, categorized by sex (deformed: 92 females, 28 males; non-deformed: 72 females, 48 males). Patients with spinal trauma, bleeding, or tumors were excluded. ResultsNo statistically significant correlation was found between spinal deformities and spinal cord termination, with L1 remaining the most common endpoint in all groups. ConclusionRoutine neuroimaging prior to lumbar puncture in patients with spinal deformities was not associated with a safer procedure due to no observed impact on the termination level of the spinal cord.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Localization of the Vertebral Level of Termination of the Spinal Cord in Adults in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Examination of the Level of Conus Medullaris Termination Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Examination of the Level of Conus Medullaris Termination Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Morphometry of Conus Medullaris in the Saudi Population and Its Clinical Importance

Spinal Cord Termination and Lumbar Puncture Safety in Spinal Deformities

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