Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Their Association with Electroencephalographic Data in Children with Epilepsy at Tertiary Care Hospital in Mogadishu Somalia

Abstract

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by abnormal, fast, synchronous neuronal discharge from the cerebral cortex. This abnormal excitation of the brain is usually short and self-limiting and can last anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes. Neuroimaging and electroencephalography (EEG) are two widely used techniques to differentiate, verify, or exclude the diagnosis of epilepsy. The study aims to identify the frequency of EEG and MRI abnormalities in pediatric epilepsy and their correlations, aiming to improve diagnostic and treatment methods for these children. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we evaluated pediatric patients aged 0-18 years who visited the Neurology Polyclinic between July 2022 and July 2023, were diagnosed with epilepsy in accordance with the ILAE 2014 epilepsy guidelines, and had undergone neuroimaging at the hospital's radiology department. Demographic information and clinical data, including the patient's age, gender, history of trauma, and congenital infection, were assessed. In all patients, a surface electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed. Results: Our study recruited 102 pediatric patients aged between 0-18 years, including 63 (61.8%) boys and 39 (37.2%) girls. An electroencephalogram (EEG) and MRI study have been done on all patients. An abnormal EEG study was seen in 79 (77.45%) participants, and an abnormal MRI was noted in 45 (44.1%) patients. The EEG and MRI were both abnormal in 34 cases (33.3%). The study found no significant correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalographic findings (P =0.779). Conclusion:We observed multiple abnormalities on neuroimaging in pediatric epileptic patients. Even though our sample size was small, our results demonstrated that there is no statistically significant relationship between EEG and MRI results.