Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of demyelinating diseases: An update

Miki, Yukio

doi:10.1111/cen3.12501

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(361 reference statements)

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“…20 21 Distemper is the only acquired demyelinating disease reported in dogs and has been used as model for demyelinating human diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein encephalomyelitis. 15 MRI characteristics of demyelinating disorders in human beings have been reported as having different appearances, with the most common being ovoid T2W hyperintense lesions, 15 similar to the ones observed in the authors' patient. The physical explanation for this is the disappearance of the myelin sheath and subsequent replacement with water causing hyperintensity in T2W sequences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Clinical, MRI and histopathological findings in a dog with distemper meningomyelitis

Destri

Sánchez

Stewart

et al. 2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 14-month-old female entire German Shepherd dog presented with a five-day history of acute onset, progressive, non-ambulatory paraparesis, with lateralisation to the right. The neurolocalisation was to the L4-S1 spinal cord segments. MRI of the thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord revealed multifocal, ill-defined, T2-weighted hyperintense, intramedullary lesions, which were moderately contrast-enhancing, becoming more defined and ovoid to nodular after injection of gadolinium-containing contrast medium. The lesions affected both white and grey matter and were lateralised mainly to the right side. PCR tests on blood and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for canine distemper virus (CDV). Despite intensive treatment, the dog developed myoclonus and severe fever and was humanely euthanased. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of spinal cord lesions consistent with CDV. Distemper rarely presents with clinical signs of myelopathy exclusively and there is a scarcity of description of MRI findings of distemper meningomyelitis in the literature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In human beings, ovoid, well-defined, contrast-enhancing lesions are one of the imaging features consistent with demyelination. 15 One case series describes MRI features of histopathologically confirmed acute distemper encephalitis in five dogs. 4 The lesions were asymmetrically distributed and affected mainly the grey matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical, MRI and histopathological findings in a dog with distemper meningomyelitis

Destri

Sánchez

Stewart

et al. 2020

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Table (1) demonstrate demographic data for all patients and it shows that the mean of patients age was 45.00±10.498 years and more than half of them were male (53.3%). Patients' co-morbidity shows that 10(33.3%) had DM while 9(30%) had hypertension and only 2 patients had dyslipidemia.…”

Section: Thirty Cases With Rrms Have Been Enrolled In the Current Workmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optical spectrum disease (NMOSD), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) encephalomyelitis are essential inflammatory demyelinating disorders. 1 With the provision of immuno-histochemical markers, it became obvious that there is a significant pathologic difference among those disorders and the morphologic patterns were related to various mechanisms of demyelinating. 2 MS is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), historically described by the existence of multi-focal white matter lesions disseminated in space&time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis patients

Shaheen

2021

Al-Azhar International Medical Journal

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Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has many advantages in the investigation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It delivers precise measurements of disorder activity, simplifies accurate diagnosing, and help in the evaluation of novel treatments. Aim of the work: to recognize the roles of MRI in in the characterizations of MS-connected brain and spinal cord involvement. Patients and methods: 30-cases relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) cases were involved. The number, volume, and distribution of brain MRI lesions have been assessed via T2-weighted (T2W) image. Crosssectional full normalized brain volume (NBV), normalized deep gray matter volume (NDGMV), normalized white matter volume (NWMV), normalized cortical gray matter volume (NCGMV), and normalized thalamic volume (NTV) have been calculated. Results: MRI findings revealed that the mainstream of case's lesions were detected via T2W-imaging with a mean value of Number of lesions measured of 4.43±3.329, MRI accuracy to detect MS was 86.67% with sensitivity and specificity 88.9 and 66.7 correspondingly. Conclusion: MRI suggestion have a supporting function in what iseventually a clinical MS diagnosing, in the suitable medical condition, and at all times at the exclusion of substitute diagnosing. MRI has improved into the most significant tool for diagnosing and screening of MS. Its elevated sensitivity for the assessment of inflammation and neuro-degenerative procedures in the brain and spinal cord has made it the commonest employed way for the valuation of MS-cases.

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“…Demyelinating disorders and an increasing number of viral-associated encephalitis now have recognisable clinico-radiological phenotypes, which facilitates early diagnosis and treatment. (10,11) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance angiography are also helpful in neurometabolic and vascular aetiologies. (7) Electroencephalography can be utilised to detect subclinical seizures, assess the degree of encephalopathy and localise areas of pathology.…”

Section: Further Management In the Tertiary Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical approach to encephalopathy in children

Lim

Kwek

How

et al. 2020

smedj

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Encephalopathy is a clinical state characterised by an alteration of consciousness, behaviour and/or cognition. It can present with lethargy and drowsiness, or conversely with a heightened state of agitation and confusion. It arises from diffuse brain dysfunction that can result from myriad underlying conditions, ranging from primary neurologic to systemic disorders. While encephalopathy more commonly stems from a global brain insult, it can present with a range of focal neurological manifestations such as seizures, visual disturbances, speech abnormalities, motor weakness, and sensory and autonomic deficits. Encephalitis refers specifically to brain inflammation, usually associated with fever, with evidence of cerebrospinal inflammation (pleocytosis and raised protein levels) and/or neuroimaging findings of encephalitis.

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Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of demyelinating diseases: An update

Cited by 16 publications

References 118 publications

Clinical, MRI and histopathological findings in a dog with distemper meningomyelitis

Clinical, MRI and histopathological findings in a dog with distemper meningomyelitis

Value of magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis patients

A clinical approach to encephalopathy in children

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