Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Gross Anatomy of the Canine Tarsus

Deruddere, Kirsten J.; Milne, Marjorie; Wilson, K.; Snelling, S. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12194.x

Cited by 17 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This enables the clinicians to interpret the tarsus in different angles and accurately detect the problem. The obtained results are in agreement with the conclusions reported earlier, that MRI offers the best evaluation technique of all anatomical structures, particularly soft tissues, of the tarsal joint in horse, cattle, dog and cat [3,[12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, MRI interpretation and lesion identi cation requires experience with signal variations in normal animals in order to properly evaluate clinical cases and reach a de nitive diagnosis and prognosis [9]. The normal MRI of the tarsus in horse, cattle, cat, and dog has been reported [3,[12][13][14][15][16]; however, no available data elucidating the normal MRI of the dromedary camel tarsus exist. Thus, the objective of the present study was to describe the normal MRI appearance of the dromedary camel tarsus with the aid of anatomical cryosections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus

Hagag

Almohamad

Tawfiek

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in veterinary practice continues to grow. MRI is currently the most versatile and informative imaging modality for diagnosis of soft tissue injuries in many animal species; however, veterinary literature describing the MRI of the dromedary camel tarsus is lacking. Our purpose was to describe and compare the MRI images of twelve cadaveric tarsi, examined in 1.5 T MRI scanner, with their corresponding anatomical gross sections. Turbo spin-echo (TSE) T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2), proton density-weighted (PD) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were obtained in 3 planes. Tarsi were sectioned into sagittal, dorsal and transverse planes. Relevant osseous and soft tissue structures on MRI images and corresponding cryosections were identified and labeled. Results The overall quality of MRI images was adequate and informative. The soft and osseous tissues of the dromedary camel tarsus corresponded well with the gross anatomic sections. The sagittal and dorsal images were the most valuable for evaluation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. T1 and PD sequences provided high anatomical details. T2 and STIR images were valuable for evaluation of synovial fluid. Articular cartilage had homogenous intermediate signal intensity. Subchondral and cortical bone had low signal intensity and cancellous bone had heterogeneous signal intensity. Tendons and ligaments had low signal intensity. Synovial fluid had high signal intensity on T2, PD and STIR sequences and intermediate signal intensity on T1 images. Conclusions MRI images provided a thorough evaluation of the normal dromedary camel tarsus. Information provided in the current study is anticipated to serve as a basis for interpretation in clinical situations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus

Hagag

Almohamad

Tawfiek

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Previous studies have used plastinated sections for comparison with different imaging modalities . There have been reports whereby gross frozen specimens were cut at different slice thicknesses, however the concern in this study is that although this would provide an appropriate image of muscle and bone, the ligaments are difficult to identify without special stains . The plastination process allows for staining of tissue slices and the specimens were preserved and sliced to 1.5 mm thickness .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carpal ligaments have different orientations and in order to display those ligaments in a representative way, the transverse plane to the direction of the ligament reduces the impact of volume averaging therefore displaying the anatomy more objectively. The transverse plane has been noted as the most useful plane for identification of soft tissue structures by previous authors that described the anatomy of the canine tarsus . The obliquity of some ligaments also means that they are unable to be seen in their entirety …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High field magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of feline carpal ligaments is comparable to plastinated specimen anatomy

Basa

Podadera

Burland

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Feline carpal ligament injuries are often diagnosed indirectly using palpation and stress radiography to detect whether there is instability and widening of joint spaces. There are currently no reports describing normal feline carpal ligament anatomy and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of the carpal ligaments. The objective of this prospective, anatomic study was to describe normal feline carpal ligament anatomy using gross plastinated specimens and MRI. We hypothesized that MRI could be used to identify the carpal ligaments as previously described in the dog, and to identify species specific variations in the cat. The study was conducted using feline cadaver antebrachii that were radiographed prior to study inclusion. Three limbs were selected for MRI to confirm repeatability of anatomy between cats. The proton density weighted pulse sequence was used and images were acquired in transverse, dorsal, and sagittal planes. Following MRI, the limbs were plastinated and a collagen stain was used to aid in identification of carpal ligament anatomy. These limbs were sliced in sagittal section, and a further six paired limbs were included in the study and sliced in transverse and dorsal planes. Anatomic structures were initially described using MRI and then subjectively compared with gross plastinated specimens. Readers considered the transverse MRI plane to be most useful for visualizing the majority of the carpal ligaments. Findings indicated that MRI anatomy of the carpal ligaments was comparable to plastinated anatomy; therefore MRI appears to be a beneficial imaging modality for exploration of feline carpal pathology.

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“…Cross-sectional or 3D images obtained by magnetic resonance (MR) or CT imaging techniques have frequently been used to diagnose specifi c diseases, detect pathological alterations, create pre-operative strategies and prevent post-operative complications. In addition to that, these images can be quite convenient to design anatomical and surgical education models [1,2,7,8]. To designate the relationship of the anatomical or pathological structures, MR and CT images can also be quite useful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of Anatomic Entities in the Dog Stifle Joint Following S10B Plastination: Comparative Colorimetric and Radiological Investigations

et al. 2019

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The knee joint is not only the most important and complex structure to present during anatomy lectures, but also a significant region for radiologists and orthopedicians. The objectives of this paper are: 1) to evaluate the efficacy of plastinated specimens by measuring colorimetric differentiation and 2) to compare the anatomical structures of the images obtained from computed tomography (CT) and silicone plastination cross-sections and perform three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed models of the specimens. A total of 16 knee joints selected from the 10% formalin fixed/dissected group (n=6), non-fixed/dissected group (n=6) and non-dissected whole knee joint group (n=4) were scanned by CT and plastinated by using the S10B silicone technique. The color changes of the structures were quantitatively determined with the colorimeter device. Plastinated whole knee joints were cut transversally with a band saw and compared with CT images. Finally, 3D reconstruction of the knee joints was performed from CT images with the 3D reconstruction program. There were statistically significant differences between the fixed and non-fixed groups in terms of color changes (p<0.001). The anatomical structures were identified and matched in the cross-sections of plastinates and corresponding CT images. It was observed that plastinated samples were elastic, durable and non-hazardous specimens to use in the veterinary orthopedics and anatomy courses and lectures. It has been found that fixation was useful for the final product morphology. It is thought that the 3D images obtained from this study will support comprehension of the relationships between the bones, muscles, and ligaments.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Gross Anatomy of the Canine Tarsus

Abstract: The anatomy of the canine tarsus can be readily identified on MR imaging.

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus

Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus

High field magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of feline carpal ligaments is comparable to plastinated specimen anatomy

Differentiation of Anatomic Entities in the Dog Stifle Joint Following S10B Plastination: Comparative Colorimetric and Radiological Investigations

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