Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of Suspected Ischemic Myelopathy in Dogs

Abramson, Carley J.; Garosi, Laurent; Platt, Simon R.; Dennis, Ruth; McConnell, J. Fraser

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00037.x

Cited by 43 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[4][5][6]8 Because it is rare to definitively diagnose either condition prior to the death of the patient, both conditions are presumptively diagnosed on the basis of the presence of characteristic clinical findings in conjunction with established MRI criteria. [1][2][3][7][8][9] Although investigators of previous studies 1,2,5,8,10 have reported the characteristic clinical and diagnostic features of ischemic myelopathy and ANNPE separately, to our knowledge, no studies have been performed to compare the clinical signs and outcomes between ischemic myelopathy and ANNPE. Identification of any differences in the clinical findings and outcomes for these 2 conditions could be clinically relevant for attaining a presumptive antemortem diagnosis and developing both short-and long-term prognoses.…”

Section: Small Animals and Exoticmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A presumptive diagnosis of ischemic myelopathy or ANNPE was made on the basis of MRI criteria as described. 1,2,7 Briefly, criteria for ANNPE included a focal intramedullary hyperintensity overlying an intervertebral disk space on T2-weighted images, reduction in nucleus pulposus volume, mild narrowing of an intervertebral disk space, and the presence of extraneous material or a change in signal intensity relative to that for normal epidural fat within the extradural space. 2 Criteria for ischemic myelopathy included a focal intramedullary hyperintense lesion on T2-weighted images and the absence of the other criteria used to diagnose ANNPE.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…schemic myelopathy and ANNPE are common neurologic emergencies in dogs that have similar clinical signs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] such as the hyperacute onset of nonprogressive, often markedly asymmetric spinal cord dysfunction without obvious signs of pain. 1,3,5,10 In dogs, ischemic myelopathy is most commonly associated with embolization of fibrocartilaginous material within the spinal cord vasculature that is histologically indistinguishable from nucleus pulposus (ie, fibrocartilaginous embolism) 5,6,[11][12][13] and causes sudden onset of regional ischemia resulting in necrosis of the spinal cord parenchyma.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of clinical signs and outcomes between dogs with presumptive ischemic myelopathy and dogs with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

Fenn¹,

Drees²,

Volk³

et al. 2016

javma

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OBJECTIVE To compare clinical signs and outcomes between dogs with presumptive ischemic myelopathy and dogs with presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE). DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 51 dogs with ischemic myelopathy and 42 dogs with ANNPE examined at 1 referral hospital. PROCEDURES Medical records and MRI sequences were reviewed for dogs with a presumptive antemortem diagnosis of ischemic myelopathy or ANNPE. Information regarding signalment, clinical signs at initial examination, and short-term outcome was retrospectively retrieved from patient records. Long-term outcome information was obtained by telephone communication with referring or primary-care veterinarians and owners. RESULTS Compared with the hospital population, English Staffordshire Bull Terriers and Border Collies were overrepresented in the ischemic myelopathy and ANNPE groups, respectively. Dogs with ANNPE were significantly older at disease onset and were more likely to have a history of vocalization at onset of clinical signs, have spinal hyperesthesia during initial examination, have a lesion at C1-C5 spinal cord segments, and be ambulatory at hospital discharge, compared with dogs with ischemic myelopathy. Dogs with ischemic myelopathy were more likely to have a lesion at L4-S3 spinal cord segments and have long-term fecal incontinence, compared with dogs with ANNPE. However, long-term quality of life and outcome did not differ between dogs with ischemic myelopathy and dogs with ANNPE. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results revealed differences in clinical signs at initial examination between dogs with ischemic myelopathy and dogs with ANNPE that may aid clinicians in differentiating the 2 conditions.

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Section: Small Animals and Exoticmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of clinical signs and outcomes between dogs with presumptive ischemic myelopathy and dogs with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion

Fenn¹,

Drees²,

Volk³

et al. 2016

javma

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“…based on past reports demonstrating the diagnostic utility of this methodology [1,5,7,10,12,14,15,17,18,20,24]. Twenty-five dogs survived and 1 dog was euthanized without post-mortem examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antemortem diagnosis of FCE is based on history, clinical findings, and exclusion of other causes utilizing survey radiographs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, myelography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [3,8]. MRI is particularly helpful in supporting the antemortem diagnosis of ischemic myelopathy, because, in addition to excluding other causes of myelopathy, findings may reveal signal intensity changes compatible with spinal cord infarction [1,5,7,12,14,17,20,24]. The MRI features of definitive diagnosis of FCE have been described in a small number of cases in the veterinary literature [10,15,18,23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Fibrocartilaginous Embolism of the Spinal Cord Diagnosed by Characteristic Clinical Findings and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 26 Dogs

et al. 2009

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ABSTRACT. Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is a disorder of acute onset that presents with nonprogressive ataxia. We performed a retrospective examination of FCE of the spinal cord diagnosed by characteristic clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 26 dogs. In the present study, treatment consisting of physiotherapy alone, or this in combination with corticosteroid administration, was initiated immediately following diagnosis of FCE. Age at onset and the gender ratio in the present study closely correlated with those previously reported. In the present study, 88% of the dogs that developed FCE were small-to medium-sized, which is different from previously reported studies. There is a possibility that FCE also develops relatively frequently in small-to medium-sized dogs. No significant difference was observed between the physiotherapy alone and the physiotherapy and corticosteroids groups of dogs. FCE development has been reported predominantly at the vertebral levels C6-T2 and L4-S3 and less frequently at C1-5 and T3-L3. However, in the present study, FCE developed predominantly at T3-L3. FCE developed at T3-L3 or C1-5 in 69% of the cases in the present study, suggesting that there is relatively frequent development of FCE at these vertebral levels. The recovery time of T3-L3 was the shortest (10.2 ± 7.4 days), and that of C1-5 was next-shortest (15.8 ± 5.4) in this study. This suggested the possibility that the detection ratio of cases was low, because the symptoms in cases of FCE that has developed in C1-5 and T3-L3 would have improved before inspection in the secondary institution, where the MRI and diagnosis were performed. KEY WORDS: canine, fibrocartilaginous embolism, magnetic resonance imaging, spinal cord.

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