Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetization Transfer in Experimental Myonecrosis in the Rat

Mattila, Kimmo; Lukka, Riitta; Hurme, Timo; Komu, Markku; Alanen, A.; Kalimo, Hannu

doi:10.1002/mrm.1910330207

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Indeed, histopathology of muscle biopsies confirmed swollen muscle fibres with the minimal presence of inflammatory cells. These results are consistent with previous studies in which hyperintensity of T 2 WI has been reported in rhabdomyolysis patients [7,9] and experimental myonecrosis models [23]. In our experiment, ischaemic muscle T 2 values peaked 6 h post ischaemia but reduced in the following hour.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Skeletal muscle evaluation by MRI in a rabbit model of acute ischaemia

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Guan³

et al. 2013

BJR

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Objective: To assess rhabdomyolysisassociated skeletal muscle changes induced by complete ischaemia in rabbits using MRI.Methods: Acute ischaemia was induced in the right hind limb of 34 New Zealand white rabbits by arterial ligation. MRI of vastus lateralis was carried out pre-operatively and every hour post-operatively up to 7 h. T 1 weighted images, T 2 weighted images with fat suppression, T 2 maps and diffusion tensor scans were obtained. The correlation of MRI findings with histopathological changes in biopsies of vastus lateralis was examined.Results: Histopathology demonstrated early cellular oedema 1 h post ischaemia and irreversible injuries by 7 h, including loss of striation and broken muscle fibres. T 2 weighted images with fat suppression showed inhomogeneous high signal intensity of vastus lateralis, which progressively increased from 2 h following ischaemia. The T 2 relaxation rate of ischaemic vastus lateralis was significantly greater than normal muscle (p,0.001) and demonstrated a linear increase with time following ischaemia. A similar linear increase was also found in the ischaemic vastus lateralis apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) 1-5 h post ischaemia (p50.006). Both the T 2 ADC and fractional anisotropy (FA) were significantly higher on the ischaemic side 7 h post ischaemia (for T 2 , p50.02; for ADC, p50.004). Conclusion:Muscle oedema is detectable on MR images and is reflected well by T 2 , ADC and FA values. MRI may have value in clinical evaluation of rhabdomyolysis. Advances in knowledge:Ischaemic changes detected by MRI may have value in the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Skeletal muscle evaluation by MRI in a rabbit model of acute ischaemia

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Guan³

et al. 2013

BJR

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“…Among dystrophic processes, especially in muscle necrosis, the intramuscular water concentration and extracellular components are increased, with the water imbalance having been induced by the deficiency of sarcolemmal membrane integrity. 19,26,38 CHESS-T2WI may be one of the tools to solve this problem, because the sequence can selectively cancel fat tissue signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dystrophic dog pathology by fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging

et al. 2009

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle necrosis, fibrosis, and fatty infiltration. To examine the temporospatial pathological changes, a noninvasive evaluation method such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is needed. The aim of this study was to precisely assess muscle necrosis and inflammation based on a sequence of T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), gadolinium-enhanced imaging, and selective fat suppression, chemical shift selective T2-weighted imaging (CHESS-T2WI), on a 3.0-Tesla MRI unit in 3-month-old and 7-year-old dogs with canine X-linked muscular dystrophy (CXMD(J)), a suitable animal model for DMD. The results show that CHESS-T2WI was more sensitive and useful from the early to late stages of CXMD(J) than T2WI or contrast enhancement imaging in the evaluation of muscle necrosis, because these latter sequences can be influenced by fatty infiltration or interstitial connective tissues.

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“…Subsequent to eccentric exercise, a delayed increase in the T2 has been observed that peaks 2-6 days after exercise (12,39). This delayed increase correlates to histological assessment of muscle injury in both humans (30) and animals (26) and with changes in other traditional markers of muscle injury such as soreness, serum creatine kinase levels, and isometric force loss (7,12,38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Debate remains as to the mechanism responsible for this prolonged increase in relaxation time that persists long after other markers of injury have returned to baseline levels. The initial delayed response, occurring during the first week, has been shown correlate with histological assessment of muscle injury in both humans (30) and animals (26) and follows a similar time course to traditional markers of muscle injury such as soreness, serum creatine kinase levels, swelling, and force loss (7,12,38). It has been suggested that this initial response tracks transient damage to the muscle and may potentially be associated with edema (32), whereas the prolonged elevation of T2 likely reflects a long-lasting adaptation (12).…”

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confidence: 95%

High specific torque is related to lengthening contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury

Black¹,

Elder²,

Gorgey³

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Black CD, Elder CP, Gorgey A, Dudley GA. High specific torque is related to lengthening contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury. J Appl Physiol 104: 639-647, 2008. First published December 13, 2007 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00322.2007.-Animal models implicate multiple mechanical factors in the initiation of exercise-induced muscle injury. Muscle injury has been widely studied in humans, but few data exist regarding the underlying cause of muscle injury. This study sought to examine the role of torque per active muscle volume in muscle injury. Eight subjects performed 80 electrically stimulated [via electromyostimulation (EMS)] eccentric contractions of the right and left quadriceps femoris (QF) through an 80°arc at 120°/s. Specific torque was varied by applying 25-Hz EMS to one thigh and 100-Hz EMS to the contralateral thigh. Transverse relaxation time (T2) magnetic resonance images of the QF were collected before and 3 days after the eccentric exercise bouts. Injury was assessed via changes in isometric force and ratings of soreness over the course of 14 days after exercise and by determining changes in T2 and muscle volume 3 days after exercise. The 100-Hz EMS induced greater force loss (P Ͻ 0. 05), soreness (P Ͻ 0.05), change in muscle volume (P ϭ 0.03), and volume of muscle demonstrating increased T2 (P ϭ 0.005) than the 25-Hz EMS. In addition, injury was found to be similar across the QF in all but the most proximal regions of the QF. Our findings suggest that, in humans, high torque per active volume during lengthening muscle contractions is related to muscle injury. transverse relaxation time magnetic resonance images; electrical stimulation; muscle activation; soreness IT IS WELL ESTABLISHED THAT novel exercise, especially exercise involving lengthening muscle actions, can evoke skeletal muscle injury. Data from animal studies have implicated several mechanical factors as the potential underlying cause or initial event in muscle injury. Contraction force (27, 45), contraction velocity (8, 45), initial muscle length (42), muscle strain (8, 23), and number of eccentric contractions (27,42,46) have been found to contribute to eccentric exercise-induced muscle injury. These studies were performed on a variety of animal species (rabbits, mice, rats) and used multiple in vitro and in situ protocols to induce skeletal muscle injury. It has been suggested that these differences may account for the disparate findings regarding the relative contribution of each factor to muscle injury (11).Few human studies have focused on the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced muscle injury. As shown in animals, performing contractions at long muscle lengths (29) and increasing the number of eccentric contractions (9) have been shown to cause greater injury. However, the role contraction force plays in muscle injury remains unclear. Eccentric actions recruit fewer motor units to generate a given absolute force (10), and it has been suggested that this is the primary reason eccentric actions cause greater injury than the...

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetization Transfer in Experimental Myonecrosis in the Rat

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Skeletal muscle evaluation by MRI in a rabbit model of acute ischaemia

Skeletal muscle evaluation by MRI in a rabbit model of acute ischaemia

Evaluation of dystrophic dog pathology by fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging

High specific torque is related to lengthening contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury

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