Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Characteristics of Intracranial Intra‐arachnoid Cysts in 6 Dogs

Vernau, Karen M.; Kortz, Gregg D.; Koblik, Philip D.; Lecouteur, Richard A; Bailey, C. S.; Pedroia, Vince

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1997.tb00835.x

Cited by 72 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the pathophysiology of IAC differs from lissencephaly. Although lissencephaly and IAC were diagnosed concurrently in this case, IAC is a relatively common finding in brachycephalic breeds [17].…”

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confidence: 65%

“…Ventriculomegaly is a relatively common finding in human lissencephaly, and the possible cause was thought to be a diminished cerebral volume [3]. Previously, IAC was suspected to be of developmental origin in dogs [17]. Because the perimedullary mesh is a loose layer of mesenchymal tissue, the CSF flows into the embryonic perimedullary mesh, resulting in a diverticulum or cyst [2,11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clinical and MRI Findings of Lissencephaly in a Mixed Breed Dog

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT. A 7-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog was presented with a complaint of acute pain. The dog had suffered from isolated seizures for two years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a smooth brain surface due to lack of gyri and sulci formation of the cerebrum and thick cortical grey matter. Additionally, ventriculomegaly and an arachnoid cyst were noted. Multiple spinal cord compressions induced by intervertebral disc protrusion were observed on a cervical MRI. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed as having lissencephaly concurrent with intervertebral cervical disease. After therapy for seizure and cervical pain, the clinical signs were completely resolved. To the author's knowledge, this is the case report to diagnose lissencephaly in a mixedbreed dog.

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Clinical and MRI Findings of Lissencephaly in a Mixed Breed Dog

et al. 2011

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“…4,11 Intracranial arachnoid cysts have also been reported in dogs, but these cysts were located in the quadrigeminal cistern and the cerebromedullary angle rather than the suprasellar space. 25 Cyst rupture might have incited inflammation in the surrounding tissue, leading to the lesion seen in the current case. 4 Alternatively, this lesion could have resulted from inflammation of the pituitary gland.…”

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Sellar Xanthogranuloma in a Dog

et al. 2011

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Abstract. A 7-year-old, intact male standard Poodle dog with hypothyroidism and atypical hyperadrenocorticism developed acute signs of lethargy, weakness, inappetence, vomiting, and diarrhea. Clinical signs progressed to hind limb proprioceptive deficits, aggressive behavior with obtundation, and an equivocal seizure. Necropsy revealed a mass in the sellar region that histologically consisted of multinucleated giant cells, macrophages, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages with fewer lymphocytes and plasma cells admixed with large regions of cholesterol cleft deposition, fibrin, and prominent Rosenthal fibers. Pituitary tissue was not identified on gross or histologic examination, but the mass was partially bordered by epithelial cells. The histologic characteristics are similar to changes described in the human medical literature as xanthogranuloma of the sellar region and xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis.Key words: Atypical hyperadrenocorticism; canine; craniopharyngioma; Rathke cleft cyst; xanthogranuloma of the sellar region; xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis. and polydipsia. 6 Neurologic deficits might include proprioceptive deficits, 6 circling, 6,24 and cranial nerve deficits, particularly related to compression of the optic chiasm. 16,18,22,24 Last, endocrine disease might manifest as hypothyroidism or diabetes insipidus. 16A 7-year-old, intact male standard Poodle dog presented to the Oklahoma State University Boren Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Stillwater, Oklahoma) with a 1-year history of polyuria and polydipsia and a 1-week history of inappetence. The week before, the dog had been diagnosed with hypothyroidism on the basis of decreased total thyroxine (T4), and treatment with levothyroxine (0.01 mg/kg every 12 hr) had been instituted.Other than mild lumbosacral pain, physical examination findings were within normal limits. Because inappetence had coincided with initiation of thyroid supplementation, and euthyroid-sick syndrome was a differential diagnosis, treatment was discontinued to allow for future reassess- At the 1-month recheck appointment, the dog exhibited hair loss and lethargy consistent with previously diagnosed hypothyroidism. Repeat thyroid testing revealed a low free T4 (4.8, ref. interval: 8-40 pmol/l) with normal thyroidstimulating hormone and T4. Hypercholesterolemia had increased (435 mg/dl). Thyroid supplementation was reinstituted (levothyroxine, 0.02 mg/kg every 12 hr).Concurrently, to address the abnormal ACTH stimulation results seen on initial presentation, low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing was performed. Results were within normal limits, making typical hyperadrenocorticism less likely. Because of the persistent polyuria and polydipsia, additional tests were performed to assess other adrenocortical hormone levels. After exogenous ACTH stimulation, there were elevations in cortisol (191.8, ref. interval: 70.6-161.2 ng/ml), progesterone (6.57, ref. interval: 0.22-1.45 ng/ml), 17-OH progesterone (5.31, ref.interval: 0.25-2.63 ng/ml), and aldosterone (458.7, ref. ...

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“…In veterinary medicine, the same cystic diseases in the posterior fossa have been reported. The diagnosis of meningioma, arachnoid cysts and DWM by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) have also been reported [1,[3][4][5][6]. Authors report here a case of gliosis with a cyst in the posterior fossa in a dog that was diagnosed on the basis of MRI, gross and histological findings.…”

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A Canine Case of Gliosis with Cyst Formation in the Posterior Fossa.

Kitagawa

Okada²,

Oogushi

et al. 2002

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A 5-month-old male Great Pyrenees with symptoms of convulsions, circling, and a head tilt was referred to the Animal Medical Center of Nihon University. On a magnetic resonance image (MRI), a cyst in the posterior fossa was noted and a part of the cyst enhanced by gadoteridol. Based on MRI and clinical findings, the patient was tentatively diagnosed with a cyst formation tumor, and an operation to open the cyst and remove the part enhanced by contrast was performed. Postoperatively, the clinical course was good. Pathologically, the removed tissue was diagnosed as a gliosis with cyst formation. KEY WORDS: canine, MRI, posterior fossa cyst.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64(7): 611-614, 2002 In humans subjects, cyst formating diseases occurring in the posterior fossa include hemangioblastoma, astrocytoma, arachnoid cysts, Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) and mega cisterna magna [2]. The differential diagnosis of these diseases is difficult because the clinical signs and age at onset are very similar. In veterinary medicine, the same cystic diseases in the posterior fossa have been reported. The diagnosis of meningioma, arachnoid cysts and DWM by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) have also been reported [1,[3][4][5][6]. Authors report here a case of gliosis with a cyst in the posterior fossa in a dog that was diagnosed on the basis of MRI, gross and histological findings.The dog was a 5-month-old male Great Pyrenees. It suddenly developed lameness 1 month prior to the initial presentation followed by right circling and a head tilt two days later. At the first examination the temperature was 39.4°C, the heart rate was 96/min and respiration was panting. The first blood biochemical examination showed high serum alanine aminotransferase and high cholesterol, but no abnormalities were noted on other examinations. Twelve days later the dog showed signs of dropping of the right labialis, nystagmus, convulsion of the right thoracic limb and right hemiparesis. Corticosteroid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamin E were administered at another hospital but the symptoms did not improve. The patient was referred to the Animal Medical Center of Nihon University Upon neurological examination on the day of surgery, left hypermetria and a depression of menace reflex were noted. Since the cyst was located in the right cerebellum, the authors suspected hypermetria caused by compression of the cerebellum. We also speculated that vestibular signs in the head tilt and circling were due to compression of the right brain stem. Right facial convulsions of the dog were considered to be due to irritation of the facial nerves.An MRI examination was performed with an MRI (FlexArt ® , Toshiba), which had a magnetic field intensity of 0.5 T. A coil for the geniculum was used. The T1-weighted image was obtained by means of the spin-echo method (TR 350 msec, TE 15 msec) and the T2-weighted image by the fast spin echo method (TR 4,000 msec, TE 120 msec). A cyst which showed hypo-intensity on the T1-...

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Characteristics of Intracranial Intra‐arachnoid Cysts in 6 Dogs

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

Clinical and MRI Findings of Lissencephaly in a Mixed Breed Dog

Clinical and MRI Findings of Lissencephaly in a Mixed Breed Dog

Sellar Xanthogranuloma in a Dog

A Canine Case of Gliosis with Cyst Formation in the Posterior Fossa.

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