Magnetic Resonance Detection of Individual Proton Spins Using Quantum Reporters

Sushkov, Alexander O.; Lovchinsky, Igor; Chisholm, Nicholas; Walsworth, Ronald L.; Park, Hongkun; Lukin, Mikhail D.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.197601

Cited by 217 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The detection of single nuclear spins [55,9] seems to be on the brink of accomplishment. With those two seminal milestones being achieved, this certainly enables the application of single-spin ESR and NMR detection to systems ranging from molecules to high-T C superconductors.…”

Section: Prospects and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a natural concentration of 13 C of 1.1% it is around 0.6 ms [24]. Reducing 13 C down to levels below 0.01% has yielded T 2 values [2], SQUID [6], MRFM [7] and the NV center in diamond [9]. The rectangles serve as guide to the eye, depicting the space each techniques approximately covers, with the rounds markers setting the current state-of-the-art of each one.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Single spin magnetic resonance

Wrachtrup

Finkler

2016

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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Different approaches have improved the sensitivity of either electron or nuclear magnetic resonance to the single spin level. For optical detection it has essentially become routine to observe a single electron spin or nuclear spin. Typically, the systems in use are carefully designed to allow for single spin detection and manipulation, and of those systems, diamond spin defects rank very high, being so robust that they can be addressed, read out and coherently controlled even under ambient conditions and in a versatile set of nanostructures. This renders them as a new type of sensor, which has been shown to detect single electron and nuclear spins among other quantities like force, pressure and temperature. Adapting pulse sequences from classic NMR and EPR, and combined with high resolution optical microscopy, proximity to the target sample and nanoscale size, the diamond sensors have the potential to constitute a new class of magnetic resonance detectors with single spin sensitivity. As diamond sensors can be operated under ambient conditions, they offer potential application across a multitude of disciplines. Here we review the different existing techniques for magnetic resonance, with a focus on diamond defect spin sensors, showing their potential as versatile sensors for ultra-sensitive magnetic resonance with nanoscale spatial resolution.

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Section: Prospects and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single spin magnetic resonance

Wrachtrup

Finkler

2016

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…[21][22][23][24] ESR detection of a single electron spin has also been demonstrated using the DEER technique. [25][26][27] In addition, bio-compatibility and excellent chemical/mechanical stability of diamond makes a NV center suitable for applications of nanoscale magnetic sensing and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in biological systems. [27][28][29][30] In this article, we discuss ESR spectroscopy of a small ensemble of electron spins using single NV centers in diamond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy of small ensemble paramagnetic spins using a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Abeywardana

Stepanov

Takahashi

2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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A nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising sensor for nanoscale magnetic sensing. Here we report electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using a single NV center in diamond. First, using a 230 GHz ESR spectrometer, we performed ensemble ESR of a type-Ib sample crystal and identified a substitutional single nitrogen impurity as a major paramagnetic center in the sample crystal. Then, we carried out free-induction decay and spin echo measurements of the single NV center to study static and dynamic properties of nanoscale bath spins surrounding the NV center. We also measured ESR spectrum of the bath spins using double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy with the single NV center. The spectrum analysis of the NV-based ESR measurement identified that the detected spins are the nitrogen impurity spins. The experiment was also performed with several other single NV centers in the diamond sample and demonstrated that the properties of the bath spins are unique to the NV centers indicating the probe of spins in the microscopic volume using NV-based ESR. Finally, we discussed the number of spins detected by the NV-based ESR spectroscopy. By comparing the experimental result with simulation, we estimated the number of the detected spins to be ≤ 50 spins.

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“…The achievement of this goal may have significant impact on structural biology and medical imaging and may also provide a new tool for the investigation of nuclear spin dynamics in non-trivial quantum biological processes [2,3]. Recently, research has made impressive progress in single nuclear spin detection using various physical platforms [4][5][6][7][8], particularly in the highly challenging task of detecting single spins in external molecules [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Among those physical platforms, a sensor based on individual negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond [15,16] has demonstrated appealing prospects for applications in biology and medicine, due to its biocompatibility, nano-scale size and long coherence times under ambient conditions [17,18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among those physical platforms, a sensor based on individual negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond [15,16] has demonstrated appealing prospects for applications in biology and medicine, due to its biocompatibility, nano-scale size and long coherence times under ambient conditions [17,18]. NV centers, shallowly implanted to within a few nanometers below the diamond surface, enable strong coupling between NV sensors and target nuclei, thereby promoting the detection sensitivity from a relative large ensemble of nuclei [9,10] to single nuclear spin sensitivity in small clusters of nuclear spins [11][12][13][14]. Besides the interest in single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, single nuclear spin addressing also has an important role to play in the precise coherent control of nuclear spin qubits, where it may facilitate the realisation of quantum memories with long coherence times and nuclear spin based quantum information processors [19][20][21][22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unambiguous nuclear spin detection using an engineered quantum sensing sequence

Shu¹,

Zhang²,

Cao³

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. A

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Sensing, localising and identifying individual nuclear spins or frequency components of a signal in the presence of a noisy environments requires the development of robust and selective methods of dynamical decoupling. An important challenge that remains to be addressed in this context are spurious higher order resonances in current dynamical decoupling sequences as they can lead to the misidentification of nuclei or of different frequency components of external signals. Here we overcome this challenge with engineered quantum sensing sequences that achieve both, enhanced robustness and the simultaneous suppression of higher order harmonic resonances. We demonstrate experimentally the principle using a single nitrogen-vacancy center spin sensor which we apply to the unambiguous detection of external protons. Introduction.-The detection of single nuclear spins represents an important yet challenging step towards single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging [1] which holds the promise for the observation of individual protein structures without the need for crystallization of large ensembles. The achievement of this goal may have significant impact on structural biology and medical imaging and may also provide a new tool for the investigation of nuclear spin dynamics in non-trivial quantum biological processes [2,3]. Recently, research has made impressive progress in single nuclear spin detection using various physical platforms [4][5][6][7][8], particularly in the highly challenging task of detecting single spins in external molecules [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Among those physical platforms, a sensor based on individual negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond [15,16] has demonstrated appealing prospects for applications in biology and medicine, due to its biocompatibility, nano-scale size and long coherence times under ambient conditions [17,18]. NV centers, shallowly implanted to within a few nanometers below the diamond surface, enable strong coupling between NV sensors and target nuclei, thereby promoting the detection sensitivity from a relative large ensemble of nuclei [9,10] to single nuclear spin sensitivity in small clusters of nuclear spins [11][12][13][14]. Besides the interest in single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, single nuclear spin addressing also has an important role to play in the precise coherent control of nuclear spin qubits, where it may facilitate the realisation of quantum memories with long coherence times and nuclear spin based quantum information processors [19][20][21][22].One ultimate goal of single molecule magnetic resonance spectroscopy using a single spin sensor is to detect a single nuclear spin and further infer the structure of a single molecule

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Magnetic Resonance Detection of Individual Proton Spins Using Quantum Reporters

Cited by 217 publications

References 37 publications

Single spin magnetic resonance

Single spin magnetic resonance

Electron spin resonance spectroscopy of small ensemble paramagnetic spins using a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Unambiguous nuclear spin detection using an engineered quantum sensing sequence

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