Magnetic Resonanance Imaging of the Liver (Including Biliary Contrast Agents)—Part 2: Protocols for Liver Magnetic Resonanance Imaging and Characterization of Common Focal Liver Lesions

Agostini, Andrea; Kircher, Moritz F.; K.G, Richard; Borgheresi, Alessandra; Monti, Serena; Giovagnoni, Andrea; Mannelli, Lorenzo

doi:10.1053/j.ro.2016.05.016

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Regarding iron, the following techniques can be employed: signal intensity ratio techniques based on T2WI or T2 * WI, quantitative relaxometry (based mainly on T2WI but also on T1WI), and MR susceptometry. 25 , 26 , In regards to fat, post-processing of T1WI in- and opposed-phase provides quantification from a scale of 0–50% while the proton density fat fraction allows quantification of a full fat fraction from 0–100%. 27 Iron and fat content may contribute to differential diagnosis and may be a potential prognostic biomarker of HCC.…”

Section: Advanced Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regenerative nodules may present accumulation of iron which results in low signal intensity on T1-and T2-weighted imaging. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ,…”

Section: Imaging Features On Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , cHCC-CC may appear hypointense on T1WI and iso to hyperintense on T2WI with or without central hypointense focus, which represents a central cholangiocarcinoma or fibrotic component. 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , On dynamic imaging, early ring enhancement with centripetal progression or heterogeneous early enhancement with partial washout are possible p...…”

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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State of the art in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma

Horvat

Monti

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Radiology and Oncology

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BackgroundLiver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. Chronic liver disease caused by viral infection, alcohol abuse, or other factors can lead to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the most important clinical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whereby the normal hepatic architecture is replaced by fibrous septa and a spectrum of nodules ranging from benign regenerative nodules to HCC, each one of them with different imaging features.ConclusionsFurthermore, advanced techniques including the quantification of hepatic and intralesional fat and iron, magnetic resonance elastography, radiomics, radiogenomics, and positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI are highly promising for the extraction of new imaging biomarkers that reflect the tumor microenvironment and, in the future, may add decision-making value in the management of patients with HCC.

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Section: Advanced Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Imaging Features On Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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State of the art in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma

Horvat

Monti

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Radiology and Oncology

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“…In contrast, secondary lymphomatous involvement of the liver usually appears as a diffuse infiltration or multifocal disease. If this pattern is present in a PHL indicates a poor prognosis (2, 3).…”

Section: What Is the Diagnosis? Answer To The Clinical Challenges Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At MRI, the enhancement pattern is similar to CT; the nodules can also be iso- or hypointense on T1WI and moderately hyperintense on T2WI. Lymphoma typically presents restriction on DWI due to its hypercellularity (1, 3). For staging, whole-body MRI with DWI has been considered as accurate as FDG PET-CT.…”

Section: What Is the Diagnosis? Answer To The Clinical Challenges Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Mass in a Patient With Bladder Cancer History

2018

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82-year-old asymptomatic man with an incidental finding of liver lesion on CT angiogram performed for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surveillance. He had a history of bladder cancer 7 years prior, with no evidence of disease since the end of the treatment. He did not have history of liver disease or immunosuppression. At presentation his laboratory exams were normal. He underwent abdominal MRI which showed a 3.5 × 3.0 cm liver mass in segment II/IVA; the mass was T2 weighted images (WI) mildly hyperintense and T1 WI hypointense to the background liver, and demonstrated hyperenhancement in the arterial phase, and heterogeneous enhancement and capsule on the delayed phase). The central portion of the mass was hyperintense on T2WI (Figures A and D, dashed arrow) and demonstrated enhancement in the delayed phase.

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