Magnetic properties of Ni-coated fibers in a polymer matrix for electro-magnetic interference shielding applications

Abstract

Electromagnetic interference shielding composite materials can be designed with properties that are tailored for specific applications. We have explored the magnetic properties of Ni-coated carbon fibers embedded in a polymer matrix through an extrusion process. This method can produce large, pliable flat sheets, which can be easily bent and shaped. Microscopy imaging shows that the extrusion process preferentially orders most of the fibers with their long axis along the extrusion direction. The measured samples reached 90% of the saturation magnetization value at a field of approximately 800 Oe along the extrusion direction, much lower than needed for other directions (in-plane perpendicular to the extrusion or perpendicular to the foil surface). A field on the order of 6 kOe must be applied to obtain the full saturation of the magnetization in all three directions. The absorption characteristics were measured, with zero external applied field to determine the shielding effectiveness of the composite materials for multiple orientations with respect to the TE10 mode of an S-band waveguide. The nickel-coated carbon fiber composite materials exhibit dramatic orientation-dependent shielding effectiveness. The most effective orientation has shielding effectiveness of up to 45 dB at 4.5 GHz, which is comparable to multi-walled carbon nanotube composites with similar volumetric filling fractions.