“…They can be broadly classified into physical and chemical routes. Inert gas condensation [5], sputtering [6], thermal evaporation [7] pulse laser deposition [8] and high-energy ball milling [9][10][11] are among the examples of physical route, while chemical route includes dip-coating, precipitation [12], electro-deposition [13], and solvothermal routes [14]. Compared to other methods, thermal evaporation is one of the most cost-effective techniques for the fabrication of nanostructured materials.…”