Magnetic properties improvement through off time between pulses and annealing in pulse electrodeposited CoZn nanowires

Kashi, M. Almasi; Ramazani, A.; Fallah, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.06.098

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, during direct current (or direct potential) electrodeposition, diffusion limitation effects can be quite prominent, hence causing a depletion of the metal ion concentration and/or a variation of pH at the bottom of the recesses. As a consequence, changes in the growing direction from nearly parallel to perpendicular to the wire axis, as well as changes in the crystal orientation of the wires can occur, thereby inducing variations in the resulting magnetic properties [9,10]. Pulse electrodeposition can be employed in order to minimize variations of pH and metal ion concentration in the course of electrodeposition, therefore overcoming the aforementioned problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward uniform electrodeposition of magnetic Co-W mesowires arrays: direct versus pulse current deposition

Цынцару

Силкин

Cesiulis

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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Template-assisted electrodeposition of Co-rich Co-W alloys into mesoporous anodized aluminum oxide from ammonia-free solutions is investigated. The optimum deposition conditions rendering uniform filling of the pores, either by direct current (DC) or pulse current (PC) methods, are established. Contrary to the DC deposition on flat surfaces (which is kinetically controlled), the DC electrodeposition in the mesopores of the template is limited by mass transfer. Conversely, under PC mode, the Co-W electrodeposition process is controlled by kinetics at frequencies > 0.3 Hz; and by diffusion at lower frequencies. The obtained mesowires are nanocrystalline and exhibit a hexagonal closed packed (hcp) structure. The magnetic properties of selected Co-W mesowires, with variable aspect ratio, are also studied. The arrays of mesowires exhibit a semi-hard ferromagnetic behavior with coercivity values that surpass those of Co mesowires with similar dimensions. The interplay between interwire dipolar interactions, magnetocrystalline anisotropy and shape anisotropy on the overall shape of the hysteresis loops (in particular, on the coercivity and squareness ratio values, as well as on the effective magnetic easy axis direction) is investigated in a semiquantitative manner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental conditions employed during pulse electrodeposition have a strong influence on the magnetic properties of the deposits [9]. Pulse plating has been satisfactorily used by several authors to fill all the pores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with various metal nanowires (e.g., Ni or Co) [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward uniform electrodeposition of magnetic Co-W mesowires arrays: direct versus pulse current deposition

Цынцару

Силкин

Cesiulis

et al. 2016

Electrochimica Acta

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“…[13][14][15] Several binary ANWs comprising ferromagneticnonmagnetic or ferromagnetic-ferromagnetic structures, for instance, CoZn, CoCu, NiPb, and FeNi, have been fabricated using a pulsed electrodeposition technique. [16][17][18][19] The reason for prioritizing the pulsed technique over the direct current and alternative current (ac) electrodeposition is the feasibility of controlling the process using rest pulses, known as offtime between pulses, in order to adjust the microstructure, composition, and magnetic properties of NWs. 17,[20][21][22] The pulsed technique is also suitable for large-area production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28][29][30] Major hysteresis curve measurements have shown enhancements in coercivity and saturation magnetic moment values of annealed FePt, CoPt, FePd, and CoZn ANWs, likely because of clustering the ferromagnetic element which leads to grain growth. 16,24,31,32 Compared to the use of off-time between pulses, this latter approach is cumbersome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the roles of thermal annealing and off-time duration in magnetic properties of pulsed electrodeposited NiCu nanowire arrays

Jamali

Kashi

Ramazani

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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Structural and magnetic characterization of as-prepared and annealed FeCoCu nanowire arrays in ordered anodic aluminum oxide templates Magnetic alloy nanowires (ANWs) have long been studied owing to both their fundamental aspects and possible applications in magnetic storage media and magnetoresistance devices. Here, we report on the roles of thermal annealing and duration of off-time between pulses (t off ) in crystalline characteristics and magnetic properties of arrays of pulsed electrodeposited NiCu ANWs (35 nm in diameter and a length of 1.2 lm), embedded in porous anodic alumina template. Increasing t off enabled us to increase the Cu content thereby fabricating NiCu ANWs with different crystallinity and alloy compositions. Although major hysteresis curve measurements showed no considerable change in magnetic properties before and after annealing, the first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis provided new insights into the roles of thermal annealing and t off . In other words, FORC diagrams indicated the presence of low and high coercive field regions in annealed Ni-rich ANWs, coinciding with the increase in t off in as-deposited ANWs. The former has a small coercivity with strong demagnetizing magnetostatic interactions from neighboring NWs and may correspond to a soft magnetic phase. The latter has a greater coercivity with weak interactions, corresponding to a hard magnetic phase. On the other hand, for as-deposited and annealed Cu-rich NiCu ANWs, a mixed phase of the soft and hard segments could be found. Furthermore, a transition from the interacting Ni-rich to non-interacting Cu-rich ANWs took place with a magnetic field applied parallel to the NW axis. Thus, these arrays of ANWs with tunable magnetic phases and interactions may have potential applications in the nanoscale devices. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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“…and second anodization steps were 10 and 2 h, respectively. To promote thinning of the barrier layer, the anodization voltage was systematically reduced to 12 V. More details were reported in our previous work [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse electrodeposition of Co1−xZnx nanowire arrays: Magnetic improvement through electrolyte concentration, off-time between pulses and annealing

Kashi

Fallah

2012

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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Magnetic properties improvement through off time between pulses and annealing in pulse electrodeposited CoZn nanowires

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Toward uniform electrodeposition of magnetic Co-W mesowires arrays: direct versus pulse current deposition

Toward uniform electrodeposition of magnetic Co-W mesowires arrays: direct versus pulse current deposition

Unraveling the roles of thermal annealing and off-time duration in magnetic properties of pulsed electrodeposited NiCu nanowire arrays

Pulse electrodeposition of Co1−xZnx nanowire arrays: Magnetic improvement through electrolyte concentration, off-time between pulses and annealing

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