Magnetic Properties Experiments on the Mars Exploration Rover mission

Madsen, M. B.; Bertelsen, Preben; Goetz, W.; Binau, C. S.; Olsen, M. W.; Folkmann, F.; Gunnlaugsson, H. P.; Kinch, K. M.; Knudsen, J. M.; Merrison, J.; Nørnberg, P.; Squyres, S. W.; Yen, A. S.; Rademacher, Joel; Gorevan, S.; Myrick, T.; Bartlett, Paul

doi:10.1029/2002je002029

Cited by 60 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Magnetite is thought to be the main magnetic phase in Martian regolith, and hematite is thought to be responsible for the red surface of Mars (Hargraves et al 1977(Hargraves et al , 1979Moore and Jakosky 1989;Hviid et al 1997;Madsen et al 1999Madsen et al , 2003. This is consistent with JMSS-1, which has an average magnetic component (magnetite) of~5 and~2 wt% hematite.…”

Section: Comparison With Martian Soilsupporting

confidence: 73%

JMSS-1: a new Martian soil simulant

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2015

Earth Planet Sp

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It is important to develop Martian soil simulants that can be used in Mars exploration programs and Mars research. A new Martian soil simulant, called Jining Martian Soil Simulant (JMSS-1), was developed at the Lunar and Planetary Science Research Center at the Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The raw materials of JMSS-1 are Jining basalt and Fe oxides (magnetite and hematite). JMSS-1 was produced by mechanically crushing Jining basalt with the addition of small amounts of magnetite and hematite. The properties of this simulant, including chemical composition, mineralogy, particle size, mechanical properties, reflectance spectra, dielectric properties, volatile content, and hygroscopicity, have been analyzed. On the basis of these test results, it was demonstrated that JMSS-1 is an ideal Martian soil simulant in terms of chemical composition, mineralogy, and physical properties. JMSS-1 would be an appropriate choice as a Martian soil simulant in scientific and engineering experiments in China's Mars exploration in the future.

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Section: Comparison With Martian Soilsupporting

confidence: 73%

JMSS-1: a new Martian soil simulant

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2015

Earth Planet Sp

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“…These in situ observations of Martian dust indicate a S-and Cl-rich basaltic composition with a constant molar S/Cl of 3.7 ± 0.7 (Table 1). MER magnets more likely sampled the suspended atmospheric dust and had elevated Ti, Cr, Fe, S, and Cl relative to soil; however, larger saltated grains unrepresentative of dust were observed on the magnets [Madsen et al, 2003;Bertelsen et al, 2004;Goetz et al, 2005]. MER magnets more likely sampled the suspended atmospheric dust and had elevated Ti, Cr, Fe, S, and Cl relative to soil; however, larger saltated grains unrepresentative of dust were observed on the magnets [Madsen et al, 2003;Bertelsen et al, 2004;Goetz et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A global Mars dust composition refined by the Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer in Gale Crater

Berger

Schmidt

Gellert

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

103

102

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Modern Martian dust is similar in composition to the global soil unit and bulk basaltic Mars crust, but it is enriched in S and Cl. The Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover analyzed air fall dust on the science observation tray (o‐tray) in Gale Crater to determine dust oxide compositions. The o‐tray dust has the highest concentrations of SO3 and Cl measured in Mars dust (SO3 8.3%; Cl 1.1 wt %). The molar S/Cl in the dust (3.35 ± 0.34) is consistent with previous studies of Martian dust and soils (S/Cl = 3.7 ± 0.7). Fe is also elevated ~25% over average Mars soils and the bulk crust. These enrichments link air fall dust with the S‐, Cl‐, and Fe‐rich X‐ray amorphous component of Gale Crater soil. Dust and soil have the same S/Cl, constraining the surface concentrations of S and Cl on a global scale.

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“…The instrument arm also carries a Microscopic Imager [MI (P)] that has been used to obtain highresolution (30 jjim/pixel) images of rock and soil surfaces and a Rock Abrasion Tool [RAT (10)] that can remove up to ~5 mm of material over a circular area 45 mm in diameter. Finally, the payload includes the Magnetic Properties Experiment consisting of seven magnets that have attracted fine-grained magnetic materials for viewing by payload instruments (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars

Squyres¹

2004

Science

Self Cite

117

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The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Atliena science payload liave been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. I^jany rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption.Spirit landed in Gusev crater on 4 January 2004 UTC. It was followed 21 days later by Opportunity, which landed on Meridiani Planurn. Both vehicles landed using a variant of the airbag landing system that was developed for the Mars Pathfinder mission, deploying the rovers after the landers had come to rest on the surface (1). The primary scientific objective of their mission is to explore two sites on the martian surface where water may once have been present, and to assess past environmental conditions at those sites and their suitability for life. Here we provide an overview of the results from the 90-sol (2) nominal mission of Spirit.Like Opportunity, Spirit carries a copy of the Athena science payload (3) (Fig. 1). The topography, morphology, and mineralogy of the scene around the rover have been revealed by two remote sensing instruments: a panoramic camera (Pancam) and a miniature thermal emission spectrometer (Mini-TES). Pancam (4) is a stereo camera whose filters provide 11 unique color spectral bandpasses over the spectral region from 0.4 to 1.1 mm, as well as two other filters for direct imaging of the Sun. Mini-TES (5) produces high spectral resolution (10 cm^') infrared image cubes with a wavelength range of 5 to 29 jjim. The Pancam cameras and the Mini-TES scanning mirrors are mounted atop a mast (3) at a height of ~ 1.5 m above the ground.Once potential science targets have been identified using Pancam and Mini-TES, they have been studied in more detail with the use of two in situ compositional sensors mounted on a 5-degree-of-freedom robotic arm (3). These are an Alpha Particle-X-Ray Spectrometer [APXS (6)] and a Mössbauer Spectrometer (7). Radioactive ^^^Cm alpha sources and two detection modes (alpha and x-ray) in the APXS reveal elemental abundances of rocks and soils (8). The Mössbauer Spectrometer measures the resonant absorption of gamma rays produced by a ^^Co source to determine splitting of nuclear energy levels in ^^Fe atoms, revealing the mineralogy and oxidation state of Fe-bearing phases. The instrument arm also carries a Microscopic Imager [MI (P)] that has been used to obtain highresolution (30 jjim/pixel) images of rock and soil surfaces and a Rock Abrasion Tool [ RAT (10)] that can remove up to ~5 mm of material over a circular area 45 mm in diameter. Finally, the payload includes the Magnetic Properties Experiment consisting of seven magnets that hav...

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Magnetic Properties Experiments on the Mars Exploration Rover mission

Cited by 60 publications

References 44 publications

JMSS-1: a new Martian soil simulant

JMSS-1: a new Martian soil simulant

A global Mars dust composition refined by the Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer in Gale Crater

The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars

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