Magnetic properties and field-driven dynamics of chiral domain walls in epitaxial Pt/Co/Au$_x$Pt$_{1-x}$ trilayers

Abstract

Chiral domain walls in ultrathin perpendicularly magnetised layers have a Néel structure stabilised by a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) that is generated at the interface between the ferromagnet and a heavy metal. Different interface materials or properties are required above and below a ferromagnetic film in order to generate the structural inversion asymmetry needed to ensure that the DMI arising at the two interfaces does not cancel. Here we report on the magnetic properties of epitaxial Pt/Co/AuxPt1−x trilayers grown by sputtering onto sapphire substrates with 0.6 nm thick Co. As x rises from 0 to 1 a structural inversion asymmetry is progressively generated. We characterise the epilayer structure with x-ray diffraction and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, revealing (111) stacking. The saturation magnetization falls as the proximity magnetisation in Pt is reduced, whilst the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Ku rises. The micromagnetic DMI strength D was determined using the bubble expansion technique and also rises from a negligible value when x = 0 to ∼ 1 mJ/m 2 for x = 1. The depinning field at which field-driven domain wall motion crosses from the creep to the depinning regime rises from ∼ 40 to ∼ 70 mT, attributed to greater spatial fluctuations of the domain wall energy with increasing Au concentration. Meanwhile, the increase in DMI causes the Walker field to rise from ∼ 10 to ∼ 280 mT, meaning that only in the x = 1 sample is the steady flow regime accessible. The full dependence of domain wall velocity on driving field bears little resemblance to the prediction of a simple one-dimensional model, but can be described very well using micromagnetic simulations with a realistic model of disorder. These reveal a rise in Gilbert damping as x increases.

Optical second harmonic generation from interfaces between heavy and ferromagnetic metals

“…We studied a series of Co(20nm)/M e(3nm) and M e(3nm)/Co(2.5nm)/M e(3nm) samples, where the metals (Me = Pt, Ta, W, Au, Ag, Cu) were chosen due to the available values of the spin-orbit interaction; the sequence of these metals corresponds to the decrease of the absolute value of the DM interaction at the Co / Me interface [6,16,17]. High vacuum magnetron sputtering was performed using AJA 2200 multichamber system onto amorphous SiO 2 or glass substrates at a basic pressure of 10 −5 Pa.…”