Magnetic orientation of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate)

Sata, Hiroaki; Kimura, Tsunehisa; Ogawa, Shuntaro; Yamato, Masafumi; Ito, Eiko

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(96)87304-6

Cited by 62 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nor may they align in their solid states (glassy and semi-crystalline states) because the viscosity is too high. However, we have found that many crystalline polymers including poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN), 90,91 isotactic polystyrene (iPS), 92 isotactic polypropylene (iPP), 93 poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), 94 paraffin, 95,96 poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) 97 polyetherester, 98 poly(carbonate) (PC), 99 and cellulose triacetate (CTA), 100 align magnetically under appropriate conditions.…”

Section: General Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Polymeric Materials and Its Application

Kimura

2003

Polym J

236

206

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ABSTRACT:This paper reviews our recent work on the use of magnetic fields to the polymer processing. Polymers considered in this paper are not peculiar ones synthesized specially for the purpose of magnetic processing, but they are very usual ones including poly(ethylene terephthalate), polypropylene, etc. In this paper, two main magnetic effects on polymers are considered, i.e., alignment and levitation. In the first part, the magnetic torque causing the alignment is described. Then, examples of alignment in polymeric systems are presented, starting from simple cases such as magnetic alignment of fibers in a suspension to more complicated cases such as magnetic alignment of crystalline polymers in which mesophase formations and memory effects are involved. In the second part, the magnetic force acting on diamagnetic materials and its application to separation and processing of polymeric materials is described.KEY WORDS Diamagnetism / Magnetic Alignment / Magnetic Levitation / Phase Transition / Crystalline Polymers / Polymer Processing / Fiber / Magnetic effects on diamagnetic materials have been known since the age of Faraday, but it is very recent that the attention has been paid to the use of these effects to the processing of diamagnetic materials including inorganic, organic, and polymeric materials. This trend is partially due to the development of superconducting technology 1 that enables us to use high magnetic fields (10 T or more) in the study of materials science at individual laboratory level. Cryogen free (liquid-helium free) superconducting magnets, mostly manufactured by Japanese companies, are now on the market, with various types including a large bore type (45 cm at 3.5 T), a rotate bore type, a split type, a low fringe field type, a high field type (15 T, 52 mm in diameter), etc. These magnets are used in academia as well as industries for the processing purposes.High magnetic fields provided by these superconducting magnets have made it possible to visualize the magnetic effects on "non-magnetic" materials such as diamagnetic materials. Because the diamagnetism is very small compared to the ferromagnetism, we hardly experience in daily life the effects of magnetic field on plastics, water, and living bodies, etc. Some means must be devised to visualize these effects. A straightforward way is to use high magnetic fields. If we use a superconducting magnet of 10 T instead of an electromagnet generating 1 T, a small change of 1 mm is magnified to 10 cm and a phenomenon that takes a day to occur is completed in 15 min, because the magnetic effect is proportional to the square of the magnetic flux density. Diamagnetic levitation 2-4 and Moses effect 5 (water surface splits in a high magnetic field) are good examples among many others. [6][7][8][9] The magnetic effect on chemical reactions 10-12 is one of the major fields in magnetic researches, but in this paper we are concerned with the magnetic force and the magnetic torque acting on diamagnetic materials. The origin of the diamagnetism is the ...

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Section: General Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Polymeric Materials and Its Application

Kimura

2003

Polym J

236

206

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“…The fabrication of oriented materials with weak diamagnetic susceptibilities has been reported for metals, polymers, and ceramics. [7][8][9][10][11] Particle orientation is even possible for substances such as alumina, 12,13 zinc oxide, 14 bismuth titanate, 15,16 and other materials, 17,18 that have very low magnetic susceptibilities (<|10 −7 |) in a high magnetic field of 10 Tesla (10 T).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

c-axis oriented ZnO formed in a rotating magnetic field with various rotation speeds

Tanaka

Makiya

Kato

et al. 2009

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…However, few people imagined magnetic alignment of crystalline polymers because in their melt, there are no anisotropic structures necessary for the alignment, and in their solid phase, the viscosity is too high for crystallites therein to align. We have so far reported that four crystalline polymers, poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) [34,35], isotactic poly(styrene) (iPS) [36], low molecular weight isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) [37], and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) [38], undergo magnetic alignment during melt crystallization. Magnetic alignment of paraffin has also been reported by us [39] and by Sirota [40].…”

Section: Mesophase Detected By Magnetic Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Crystallization Viewed by Magnetic Alignment

Kimura

2003

Polymer Crystallization

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Abstract. Observation of the magnetic alignment in polymeric materials provides a unique means to detect and analyze anisotropic structures, or mesophase, existing in polymer melts and/or forming during phase transitions because the anisotropic structures usually exhibit diamagnetic anisotropy which is a driving factor of the magnetic alignment. In this chapter, we first describe general concepts of diamagnetic alignment, followed by an example of the detection and analysis of a mesophase occurring during crystallization from melt. Also, mesophase existing in a melt is demonstrated by means of magnetic alignment. Discussion is given about a possible alternative mechanism of magnetic alignment on the basis of the orientation dependent shift of melting point under magnetic fields.

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Magnetic orientation of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate)

Cited by 62 publications

References 14 publications

Study on the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Polymeric Materials and Its Application

Study on the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Polymeric Materials and Its Application

c-axis oriented ZnO formed in a rotating magnetic field with various rotation speeds

Polymer Crystallization Viewed by Magnetic Alignment

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