The heat capacity (C), lattice constant (a), density (d), and electrical conductivity (σ) of RE monosulphides LnSx (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, and Gd) are studied in the homogeneity range (up to x = 0.80). A vacuum adiabatic calorimeter is used to measure C between 2 and 300 K. A systematic analysis of the experimental densities and those calculated from X‐ray data reveals the vacancies in the sulphur sublattice for x < 1. The Schottky heat capacity, the crystal field parameters, and the energy levels of the Pr3+ and Nd3+ ions are found to be nearly the same for any x. Four sharp peaks for NdS at 8.4, 9.3, 9.7, and 11.5 K and three anomalies for GdS at 5.4, 27, and 60 K are observed. The smoothed experimental C data are tabulated. The standard entropy and enthalpy values are calculated.