Magnetic NH2-MIL-101(Al)/Chitosan nanocomposite as a novel adsorbent for the removal of azithromycin: modeling and process optimization

Abstract

In the present study, the magnetic NH2-MIL-101(Al)/chitosan nanocomposite (MIL/Cs@Fe3O4 NCs) was synthesized and used in the removal of azithromycin (AZT) from an aqueous solution for the first time. The as-synthesized MIL/Cs@Fe3O4 NCs was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, and VSM techniques. The effect of various key factors in the AZT adsorption process was modeled and optimized using response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD). The low value of p-value (1.3101e−06) and RSD (1.873) parameters, along with the coefficient of determination > 0.997 implied that the developed model was well fitted with experimental data. Under the optimized conditions, including pH: 7.992, adsorbent dose: 0.279 g/L, time: 64.256 min and AZT concentration: 10.107 mg/L, removal efficiency and AZT adsorption capacity were obtained as 98.362 ± 3.24% and 238.553 mg/g, respectively. The fitting of data with the Langmuir isotherm (R2: 0.998, X2: 0.011) and Pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2: 0.999, X2: 0.013) showed that the adsorption process is monolayer and chemical in nature. ΔH° > 0, ΔS° > 0, and ∆G° < 0 indicated that AZT removal was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The effect of Magnesium on AZT adsorption was more complicated than other background ions. Reuse of the adsorbent in 10 consecutive experiments showed that removal efficiency was reduced by about 30.24%. The performance of MIL/Cs@Fe3O4 NCs under real conditions was also tested and promising results were achieved, except in the treatment of AZT from raw wastewater.

Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of Cr(VI) removal by novel tolerant bacteria species along with zero-valent iron nanoparticles

“…Other hybrid nanoparticles are also utilized for removal of contaminants 38 . Azari et al have investigated removal of azithromycin with novel magnetic nanoparticles which exhibited high removal capacities 39 . Nitrobenzene was degraded with a composite of nZVI with high removal efficiencies which further strengthen the potential of nZVI in WW treatment strategies 40 , 41 .…”

Visible light-driven cubic structured NiFe2O4@MWCNTs/TiO2 ternary nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin

“…14,15 Since antibiotics have a role in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, which have the potential to harm aquatic ecosystems and endanger human health, this scenario raises serious concerns. [16][17][18][19] As a result, several techniques have been created to solve this problem and eliminate antibiotics from water. ''Heterogeneous photocatalysis'' is specifically thought to be a more practical method for breaking down antibiotics in water without the requirement for an external source of hydrogen peroxide as compared to traditional and advanced oxidation procedures.…”

Silver doped anatase nanocomposite: a novel photocatalyst with advanced activity under visible light for waste-water treatment

“…Basic Fuchsine (BF) dye is one of the most significant triphenylmethane dyes in textiles, ink, and leather industries. Its introduction into the environment is not only hazardous to aquatic life, but also carcinogenic to humans and animals [32]. Synthetic dyes removal from wastewater is an environmental challenge [2,32,33].…”

“…Its introduction into the environment is not only hazardous to aquatic life, but also carcinogenic to humans and animals [32]. Synthetic dyes removal from wastewater is an environmental challenge [2,32,33]. Thus, removal of BF is a great challenge for water purification and conservation [20].…”