Magnetic nanoparticles in theranostics of malignant melanoma

Abstract

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive tumor with a tendency to metastasize early and with an increasing incidence worldwide. Although in early stage, melanoma is well treatable by excision, the chances of cure and thus the survival rate decrease dramatically after metastatic spread. Conventional treatment options for advanced disease include surgical resection of metastases, chemotherapy, radiation, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Today, targeted kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockers have for the most part replaced less effective chemotherapies. Magnetic nanoparticles as novel agents for theranostic purposes have great potential in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. In the present review, we provide a brief overview of treatment options for malignant melanoma with different magnetic nanocarriers for theranostics. We also discuss current efforts of designing magnetic particles for combined, multimodal therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy) for malignant melanoma.

Hyperthermia Enhances Doxorubicin Therapeutic Efficacy against A375 and MNT-1 Melanoma Cells

“…In the last few years, the development of nanoparticle formulations for therapeutic applications has been an important focus area due to their efficient delivery to cancer cells, avoiding their accumulation in healthy cells [ 86 ]. In fact, magnetic nanoparticles can help overcome the observed side effects of whole-body hyperthermia and positive results were already obtained in melanoma treatment [ 87 , 88 , 89 ]. Furthermore, DOX-loaded magnetic nanoparticle efficacy was already evaluated [ 90 ].…”

Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment—The Current State of Knowledge

“…The immunostimulatory effects of MNPs have been found to be beneficial against specific types of cancers, such as melanoma [ 149 ]. Duval et al [ 150 ] reported that MHT of B16 melanoma cells triggered the overexpression of various immunogenic genes, such as Hsp-70 and CXCR3 , as well as the innate immune activators TLR3 and TLR4.…”

Implantable smart hyperthermia nanofibers for cancer therapy: Challenges and opportunities

“…Magnetic hyperthermia is one of the suggested alternative cancer therapy approaches. Since cancerous cells are more temperature‐sensitive than normal ones, hyperthermia is a standard method for targeted cancer therapy (Shevtsov et al, 2021). Selective hyperthermia is not anticipated to be a stand‐alone treatment, but it may apply selective pressure on cancer cells, increasing the therapeutic impact of primary cancer treatment (Hildebrandt et al, 2002; Maurici et al, 2022; Park et al, 2022).…”