“…In order to develop a true high-throughput microfluidic bioanalysis platform, an important requirement is the ability to independently control the movement of fluids and various other bioparticles in an addressable manner, similar to the ability to control the movement of current in an integrated electronic circuit. To date, several well-established methods have been developed, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, including on-chip pneumatic valves, various electrokinetic methods, and also magnetic manipulation. , Each of the above listed methods may be appropriate for a set of applications, while being inappropriate for others. On-chip pneumatic microfluidic valves, for example, are very versatile and rapid and have proven quite successful; however, the disadvantage is that the requirement for a large number of tubes for controlling the flow required can become a plumber’s nightmare as the number of control channels becomes large.…”