Magnetic nanomaterials for purification, detection, and control of mycotoxins

Current Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials for Extraction of Mycotoxins, Pesticides, and Pharmaceuticals in Food Commodities

“…Iron oxides are known to degrade organic compounds, decompose under acidic conditions, and easily react with O 2 in air, and, as such, it is necessary to coat them with different protective layers of material, such as carbon nanomaterials, polymers, noble metals, or silica, that help improve their stability and also to introduce new functionalities and surface features [ 45 ]. The functionalization of the produced MNMs surface with different functional groups is simple and institutes various physicochemical properties on the materials in order to enhance their analytical applicabilities [ 46 ]. In the proceeding section of this review, we discuss different types of MNMs used for extraction.…”

Recent advances on emerging nanomaterials for controlling the mycotoxin contamination: From detection to elimination

“…Nanomaterials, especially magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), have been successfully integrated with various analysis systems (e.g., HPLC and LC—MS/MS) for the extraction and detection of contaminants in foods, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Li et al., 2018), fluoroquinolones (Wen et al., 2020), mycotoxins (Yang et al., 2020), and etc. (Liu et al., 2020; Moreno, Zougagh, & Ríos, 2016; Ramadan, Mohamed, Almoammar, & Abd‐Elsalam, 2020; Wan et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2020; Zhao, Wang, Xu, & Lu, 2017). By employing Fe 3 O 4 MNPs as a cleanup material for the extraction of the mycotoxin (DON), Karami‐Osboo et al.…”

“…Nanomaterials, especially magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), have been successfully integrated with various analysis systems (e.g., HPLC and LC-MS/MS) for the extraction and detection of contaminants in foods, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , fluoroquinolones (Wen et al, 2020), mycotoxins , and etc. Moreno, Zougagh, & Ríos, 2016;Ramadan, Mohamed, Almoammar, & Abd-Elsalam, 2020;Wan et al, 2017;Zhao, Wang, Xu, & Lu, 2017 (Yu, Ma, Zhang, & Li, 2019) have been also applied for the HPLC-based assays of mycotoxins (Capriotti et al, 2019). Although HPLC-based assays have showed high sensitivity, good accuracy, and robust reliability for the mycotoxin detection, they are laborious, time consuming, and complicated, and especially relying on the expensive equipment with skilled operators (Goud, Reddy, Satyanarayana, Kummari, & Gobi, 2019;.…”

“…Nanomaterials that can change their properties as different physicochemical conditions and serve as nonpolar or polar substances provide a great opportunity to response the diversities of mycotoxins. Currently, plenty of nanomaterials such as carbon nanomaterials, chitosan polymeric NPs, and magnetic Fe 3 O 4 modifiers have been widely applied to mycotoxin adsorption (González‐Jartín et al., 2019; Horky et al., 2018; Ramadan et al., 2020). Carbon nanomaterials (e.g., nanodiamonds, CNTs, and magnetic graphene (MGO)) have been successfully used for the adsorption of mycotoxins due to their merits of superior adsorptive capability, large surface area per weight, high stability, inherent inertness, and colloidal stability under different pHs (Horky et al., 2018).…”

“…Due to their great surface area, superior affinity to organic compounds, and easily functionalized modification to improve the selectivity to specific target contaminants, emerging nanomaterials have exhibited a great potential in the adsorption of mycotoxins (Abd‐Elsalam et al., 2017; Horky et al., 2018; Ramadan et al., 2020; Santana‐Mayor, Rodríguez‐Ramos, Socas‐Rodríguez, Asensio‐Ramos, & Rodríguez‐Delgado, 2020). Mycotoxins possess structural diversities, which lead to various physical and chemical properties.…”