Magnetic minerals in Calcic Luvisols (Chromic) developed in a warm Mediterranean region of Spain: Origin and paleoenvironmental significance

Torrent, J.; Liu, Q.S.; Barrón, Vidal

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.06.020

Cited by 69 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Temperature may play an insignificant role in pedogenetic enhancement on the Loess Plateau [58]. Alternately, a recent hypothesis has proposed that the ferrihydrite →SP maghemite→SD maghemite→SD hematite transformation may constitute a major pathway accounting for pedogenetic enhancement [69][70][71][72]. The consistent magnetic grain size distribution may be due to the representation of all intermediate stages in the formation and growth of ma-ghemite, which in turn results from the continuous formation of ferrihydrite in favorable temperature and moisture conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China)

Liu

Heller

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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The magnetic susceptibility of loess from the Ily Basin, northwestern China shows maximum values in S0 paleosols but minimum values in other paleosols, the mechanism of which has been well debated. In this work, systematic magnetic measurements were made on a representative section from Neleke county. The results show that the loess horizons (L1, L2 and L3) have multi-domain magnetite grains of aeolian origin, S0 is characterized by production of pedogenetic ultrafine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals, and the other paleosols (S1, S2, and S3) are characterized by the formation of nonferrimagnetic minerals associated with waterlogging. The correlation between the low concentration of ferrimagnets, high paramagnetic content, high magnetic coercivity remanence, fine ferrimagnetic grain size and intensified pedogenesis suggest two competing processes of pedogenetic enhancement and pedogenetic depletion in the lower paleosols. Pedogenetic depletion dominates and is responsible for the low susceptibility. Changes in magnetic grain size distribution occur during pedogenetic depletion. The susceptibility variations are of multiple origins in the loess of the Ily Basin. Pedogenetic enhancement, pedogenetic depletion, and allochthonous input of magnetic minerals should all be taken into account to explain the variations of magnetic parameters. magnetic susceptibility, magnetic depletion and enhancement, loess, Ily Basin, environmental magnetism Citation:Chen Q, Liu X M, Heller F, et al. Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China). Chin Sci Bull, 2012Bull, , 57: 18441855, doi: 10.1007 Low field magnetic susceptibility of loess records are widely used in paleoenvironmental research. The magnetic properties in loess records can be attributed to both original aeolian input and post-depositional pedogenesis [1]. Post-depositional pedogenesis can result in susceptibility enhancement or depletion and the interaction of these processes are site-specific [1,2]. Different models have been put forward to explain these susceptibility variations of different patterns. The pedogenetic enhancement model suggests that ultrafine ferrimagnetic minerals were formed during the pedogenesis process. This accounts for the high susceptibility in paleosols and low susceptibility in loess, and can be used to explain loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The wind vigor model displays low susceptibility in paleosols and high susceptibility in loess. It argues that for loess from Alaska and Siberia, allochthonous input plays an important role in magnetic concentration and intensified wind vigor is responsible for increases in susceptibility [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, pedogenesis influences not only the magnetic concentration but also the magnetic mineralogy and contributes at least partly to susceptibility variations in loess from . A negative relationship between susceptibility and the degree of pedogenesis was found in the Ily Basin, northwestern China [21][22][23][24][25...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China)

Liu

Heller

et al. 2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…[36] Recently, the ratio of Hm and pedogenic ferrimagnets, which is often illustrated by Hm/c fd , was suggested to be a robust variable [Balsam et al, 2004;Torrent et al, 2006;Torrent et al, 2010aTorrent et al, , 2010b, since synchronous changes between them are common. The proxy can reflect the relative accumulation rate between ferrimagnets and Hm in pedogenesis.…”

Section: Mechanism Of the Magnetic Reduction With Excessive Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is controlled not only by the degree of weathering, but is also correlated to climate with different combinations of rainfall and temperature [Torrent et al, 2006]. In the temperate regions of CLP and Russian steppe, the Hm/c fd of weakly weathered soils is generally less than 5 × 10 7 g m −3 [Torrent et al, 2006], whereas the ratio of moderately weathered Mediterranean soils is generally greater than 5 × 10 7 g m −3 [Torrent et al, 2010a[Torrent et al, , 2010b. With the extreme weathering of the soils in our transect, the ratios range from 1.4 to 18.2 × 10 7 g m −3 and average 5.94 × 10 7 g m −3 (Table 1).…”

Section: Mechanism Of the Magnetic Reduction With Excessive Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall-dependent transformations of iron oxides in a tropical saprolite transect of Hainan Island, South China: Spectral and magnetic measurements

Long

Balsam

2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The iron oxide content of soils and sediments controlled by weathering and pedogenesis is generally considered a reasonable indicator of climate. Previous studies in temperate zones have established a positive correlation in aerobic soils between ferrimagnets and low to moderate rainfall; the correlation seems to be reversed under extreme climates with high rainfall. Here we present a transect of saprolitic soils from Hainan Island, South China, with high rainfall (1440∼2020 mm/yr), little temperature variation (23∼24°C), and extreme weathering. Along this transect we observed that both hematite concentration and magnetic susceptibility decrease with increasing rainfall, whereas goethite concentration displays a large increase. However, there is no systematic trend in the total amount of iron oxides related to chemical weathering intensity along the transect. Goethite is the favored mineral phase of iron oxide with increasing rainfall and accumulates at the expense of hematite and maghemite through the dominance of rainfall-driven processes. These pedogenic processes coincide with the fundamentals of previous nonmonotonic models of hematite, magnetic susceptibility and rainfall control of an inflection point. This study also verifies a common genetic relationship between hematite and pedogenic ferrimagnets across a wide climate range. A conceptual model considering both rainfall and temperature is proposed to help interpret the mechanism of ferrimagnet formation and changes in the rainfall inflection point.

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“…Recently, Michel et al (2010) revealed that this maghemite-like phase is ordered ferrihydrite with strong magnetism, which can be further evolved into maghemite with grain growing from SP to SD size before its transformation into hematite (Liu et al, 2008;Michel et al, 2010;Barrón et al, 2012). This model was also supported by the linear relationship between concentration of hematite and pedogenic maghemite (Torrent et al, 2006(Torrent et al, , 2010a. Hu et al (2013) adopted a novel approach by integrating rock magnetism, dynamic dissolution, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques on classic Chinese loess.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Early studies on soils developed on calcarenites of Neogene age in southern Spain suggested that these soils could be ideal media to test the pedogenic pathway because the father materials are hematite-free and relatively homogeneous, allowing thus the establishment of simple chemical and mineralogical balances (Torrent and Cabedo, 1986;Torrent et al, 2010a). In contrast, other studies claimed that as the world's largest dust source, the Sahara-Sahel corridor in North Africa generates vast amounts of dust annually, which can be transported over long distances westnorthwards to the Canary Island (Lázaro et al, 2008), the North Atlantic Prospero and Carlson, 1972;Chester et al, 1979), the South American continent (Swap et al, 1992), and northward into the eastern Mediterranean (Yaalon and Ganor, 1979;Ganor and Mamane, 1982;Ganor, 1991), the western Mediterranean (Chester et al, 1984;LoyePilot et al, 1986;Loye-Pilot and Morelli, 1988;Bergametti et al, 1989a,b;Larrasoaña et al, 2015), southern Europe (Prodi and Fea, 1979), and mainland Europe (Prospero et al, 1981;Karyampudi et al, 1999;Zhang and Pennington, 2004;Moreno et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Controlling Magnetism of Reddish Brown Soil Profiles from Calcarenites in Southern Spain: Dust Input or In-situ Pedogenesis?

et al. 2016

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Magnetic minerals in Calcic Luvisols (Chromic) developed in a warm Mediterranean region of Spain: Origin and paleoenvironmental significance

Cited by 69 publications

References 46 publications

Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China)

Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China)

Rainfall-dependent transformations of iron oxides in a tropical saprolite transect of Hainan Island, South China: Spectral and magnetic measurements

Factors Controlling Magnetism of Reddish Brown Soil Profiles from Calcarenites in Southern Spain: Dust Input or In-situ Pedogenesis?

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