Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2

León-Brito, Neliza; Bauer, E. D.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.; Movshovich, R.

doi:10.1063/1.4961592

Cited by 113 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Second, it is predicted to be an itinerant ferromagnet with a relatively high-Curie temperature around 220 K. 26 Essentially, this becomes a very important figure of merit for spin-based technology architecture. Third, the anisotropy energy of Fe 3 GeTe 2 around 10 7 erg/cm 3 determined by magnetic force microscope 36 is much larger than that of CrGeTe 3 with 10 5 erg/cm 3 measured with FMR, 17 which is critical for magnetic tunnel junctions and magnetic random access memory devices. All of them require a large difference between anisotropy energy and thermal activation energy k B T for stable storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Wafer-scale two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

et al. 2017

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Recently, layered two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials (2D FMs) have attracted a great deal of interest for developing lowdimensional magnetic and spintronic devices. Mechanically exfoliated 2D FMs were discovered to possess ferromagnetism down to monolayer. It is therefore of great importance to investigate the distinct magnetic properties at low dimensionality. Here, we report the wafer-scale growth of 2D ferromagnetic thin films of Fe 3 GeTe 2 via molecular beam epitaxy, and their exotic magnetic properties can be manipulated via the Fe composition and the interface coupling with antiferromagnetic MnTe. A 2D layer-by-layer growth mode has been achieved by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations, yielding a well-defined interlayer distance of 0.82 nm along {002} surface. The magnetic easy axis is oriented along c-axis with a Curie temperature of 216.4 K. Remarkably, the Curie temperature can be enhanced when raising the Fe composition. Upon coupling with MnTe, the coercive field dramatically increases 50% from 0.65 to 0.94 Tesla. The large-scale layer-by-layer growth and controllable magnetic properties make Fe 3 GeTe 2 a promising candidate for spintronic applications. It also opens up unprecedented opportunities to explore rich physics when coupled with other 2D superconductors and topological matters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Wafer-scale two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

et al. 2017

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“…A possible explanation for this behavior is the formation of domain structures that are unresolvable through our optical measurements. Bulk crystal FGT exhibits stripy and bubble-like domains 10,23,24 . On the other hand, Co/Pt multilayer films with low disorder 25 show similar hysteresis loops to those in Fig.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe2

et al. 2018

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Discoveries of intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism in van der Waals (vdW) crystals provide an interesting arena for studying fundamental 2D magnetism and devices that employ localized spins. However, an exfoliable vdW material that exhibits intrinsic 2D itinerant magnetism remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that FeGeTe (FGT), an exfoliable vdW magnet, exhibits robust 2D ferromagnetism with strong perpendicular anisotropy when thinned down to a monolayer. Layer-number-dependent studies reveal a crossover from 3D to 2D Ising ferromagnetism for thicknesses less than 4 nm (five layers), accompanied by a fast drop of the Curie temperature (T) from 207 K to 130 K in the monolayer. For FGT flakes thicker than ~15 nm, a distinct magnetic behaviour emerges in an intermediate temperature range, which we show is due to the formation of labyrinthine domain patterns. Our work introduces an atomically thin ferromagnetic metal that could be useful for the study of controllable 2D itinerant ferromagnetism and for engineering spintronic vdW heterostructures.

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“…The Fe(1) site is fully occupied, whereas a deficiency of Fe on the Fe(2) site easily forms during sample growth. Different forms of Fe 3 GeTe 2 have been grown, such as polycrystal, single crystal,35h,37,84,85 and thin film, where the lattice parameters and magnetic properties strongly depend on the Fe concentration and the growth conditions. Basically, additional nominal Fe doping decreases the lattice constant c while increasing the constant a .…”

Section: Bulk Counterparts Of Intrinsic Vdw Magnetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Fe 3 GeTe 2 single crystal exhibits strong out‐of‐plane easy magnetization anisotropy (Figure b) with a T C of ≈223 K. Due to its low‐symmetry crystal structure, the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K u of Fe 3 GeTe 2 is calculated to be as large as ≈10 7 erg cm −3 . Magnetic studies suggest that Fe 3 GeTe 2 is a strongly correlated itinerant ferromagnet with highly anisotropic magnetic behavior.…”

Section: Bulk Counterparts Of Intrinsic Vdw Magnetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics

2019

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2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets, which present intrinsic ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic ground states at finite temperatures down to atomic‐layer thicknesses, open a new horizon in materials science and enable the potential development of new spin‐related applications. The layered structure of vdW magnets facilitates their atomic‐layer cleavability and magnetic anisotropy, which counteracts spin fluctuations, thereby providing an ideal platform for theoretically and experimentally exploring magnetic phase transitions in the 2D limit. With reduced dimensions, the susceptibility of 2D magnets to a large variety of external stimuli also makes them more promising than their bulk counterpart in various device applications. Here, the current status of characterization and tuning of the magnetic properties of 2D vdW magnets, particularly the atomic‐layer thickness, is presented. Various state‐of‐the‐art optical and electrical techniques have been applied to reveal the magnetic states of 2D vdW magnets. Other emerging 2D vdW magnets and future perspectives on the stacking strategy are also given; it is believed that they will excite more intensive research and provide unprecedented opportunities in the field of spintronics.

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Magnetic microstructure and magnetic properties of uniaxial itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2

Cited by 113 publications

References 25 publications

Wafer-scale two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Wafer-scale two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetism in atomically thin Fe3GeTe2

Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics

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