Magnetic Measurements with the Second Cosmic Rocket

Dolginov, Sh. Sh.; Eroshenko, E. A.; Zhuzgov, L. N.; Pushkov, N. V.; Tyurmina, L. O.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-5929-4_30

Cited by 11 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In 1959 the Luna 2 mission made the (at the time) surprising discovery that our Moon does not support a global magnetic field (Dolginov & Pushkov 1960). The Apollo missions shortly after, however, did detect small areas of weak crustal magnetic fields (Dyal et al 1970(Dyal et al , 1974Sharp et al 1973;Fuller 1974;Russell et al 1974).…”

Section: Lunar Magnetic Anomalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Null Points in Kinetic Simulations of Space Plasmas

Olshevsky

Deca

Divin

et al. 2016

ApJ

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We present a systematic attempt to study magnetic null points and the associated magnetic energy conversion in kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of various plasma configurations. We address three-dimensional simulations performed with the semi-implicit kinetic electromagnetic code iPic3D in different setups: variations of a Harris current sheet, dipolar and quadrupolar magnetospheres interacting with the solar wind,and a relaxing turbulent configuration with multiple null points. Spiral nulls are more likely created in space plasmas: in all our simulations except lunar magnetic anomaly (LMA) and quadrupolar mini-magnetosphere the number of spiral nulls prevails over the number of radial nulls by a factor of 3-9. We show that often magnetic nulls do not indicate the regions of intensive energy dissipation. Energy dissipation events caused by topological bifurcations at radial nulls are rather rare and short-lived. The so-called X-lines formed by the radial nulls in the Harris current sheet and LMA simulations are rather stable and do not exhibit any energy dissipation. Energy dissipation is more powerful in the vicinity of spiral nulls enclosed by magnetic flux ropes with strong currents at their axes (their crosssections resemble 2D magnetic islands). These null lines reminiscent of Z-pinches efficiently dissipate magnetic energy due to secondary instabilities such as the two-stream or kinking instability, accompanied by changes in magnetic topology. Current enhancements accompanied by spiral nulls may signal magnetic energy conversion sites in the observational data.

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Section: Lunar Magnetic Anomalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Null Points in Kinetic Simulations of Space Plasmas

Olshevsky

Deca

Divin

et al. 2016

ApJ

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“…The first measurements of the plasma and magnetic field were perhaps conducted in September 1959 with Lunik 2 [33][34][35][36]. However, according to these measurements no definite conclusion concerning continuous solar plasma streams and the interplanetary magnetic field of solar origin have been made.…”

Section: Development Of Investigations Of the Interplanetary Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Mariner 4 flight to the planet Mars, extremely low field values were observed (H= 4.4 (1.7 to 11.4) 7) [57], and during the flight of Venus 4 to the planet Venus they were very high (H= 9.4 (0.3 to 34.5) 7 [61].…”

Section: Magnitude Direction and Origin Of The Interplanetary Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interplanetary medium and its interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere

Kovalevsky¹

1971

Space Sci Rev

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This paper reviews the principal results of direct measurements of the plasma and magnetic field by spacecraft close to the Earth (within the heliocentric distance range 0.7-1.5 AU). The paper gives an interpretation of the results for periods of decrease, minimum and increase of the solar activity. The following problems are discussed: the interplanetary plasma (chemical composition, density, solar wind flow speed, temperature, temporal and spatial variation of these parameters), the interplanetary magnetic field (intensity, direction, fluctuations and its origin), some derived parameters characterizing the physical condition of the interplanetary medium; the quasi-stationary sector structure and its connection with solar and terrestrial phenomena; the magnetohydrodynamic discontinuities in the interplanetary medium (tangential discontinuities and collisionless shock waves); the solar magnetoplasma interaction with the geomagnetic field (the collisionless bow shock wave, the magnetosheath, the magnetopause, the Earth's magnetic tail, the internal magnetosphere characteristics), the connection between the geomagnetic activity and the interplanetary medium and magnetosphere parameters; peculiarities in behaviour of the interplanetary medium and magnetosphere during geomagnetic storms; energetic aspects of the geomagnetic storms.

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“…M EASUREMENTS of Earth's magnetic field in the upper atmosphere, as envisaged in the International Geophysical Year program, were accomplished in May-June 1958 on the third Soviet artificial Earth satellite (1) . 1 For the first time, detailed information was obtained on the spatial distribution of Earth's magnetic field in the altitude range of 230-1880 km.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 For the first time, detailed information was obtained on the spatial distribution of Earth's magnetic field in the altitude range of 230-1880 km. Although the experimental data covered mainly the Eurasian region, south of the 65th parallel, they nevertheless permit the solution of some general questions of geomagnetism, since the magnetic field within the territory of the Soviet Union contains all the peculiar features of structure of Earth's magnetic field-global anomaly, regional and local anomalies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%