Magnetic Markers Use for Monitoring of Environmental Pollution Caused by Fracturing Fluids During Shale Gas Exploitation

Bogacki, Jan; Zawadzki, Jarosław

doi:10.7862/rb.2017.52

Cited by 1 publication

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References 22 publications

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“…Additives are used: to prevent the swelling of clays (e.g. diethylamine hydrochloride, sodium or potassium chloride), to prevent corrosion of pipes in a wellbore (isopropanol, methanol, chlorobenzene), to prevent stone settling (polyethylene glycol), to prevent precipitation of metal oxides (citric acid), allowing formation of a suspension of sand in water (guar gum, hemicellulose), allowing the subsequent breakdown of gelling agents, responsible for forming a suspension of sand in water (ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide), for maintaining a neutral pH, for the proper operation of gelling agents (potassium carbonate), cleaning and disinfecting borehole (glutaral aldehyde, ammonium chloride), maintaining the proper viscosity of the liquid, with increasing temperature (borate salts, isopropanol), for reducing friction (petroleum distillates), acids (hydrochloric acid) [4]. Many of above mentioned compounds are characterized by a considerable toxicity [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Hydraulic Fracturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipurpose Usage of Magnetic Proppantsduring Shale Gas Exploitation

Bogacki

Zawadzki

2019

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Magnetic material may be added to proppant, as the magnetic marker allows to determine the range and efficiency of hydraulic fracturing. However, magnetic proppant may be also used in flowback fluid treatment and monitoring of environmental pollution. As a result of shale gas hydraulic fracturing, large volume of flowback fluid is created. Flow back fluid have similar properties to fracturing fluid, but it is potentially enriched with large amount of salts and organic compounds leached from shale. Magnetic proppant may serve as a heterogeneous catalyst during organic pollutants decomposition. Additionally, in case of leakage and consequently the fracturing fluid pollution, magnetic proppant is placed into the soil environment. It can be detected using magnetometric methods. This article discusses the above-mentioned issues based on the knowledge and experience of the authors and the literature review.

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