Magnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle synthesis and applications for lead (Pb2+) and chromium (Cr6+) removal from water

Physio-chemical treatment technologies for chromium removal

“…They can also be stripped and recycled. Researcher still showed keen interest in improved and advanced adsorbents with high surface areas and sorption capacities [1] . Nanosorbents are sought in forms of particle, sphere, sheet, tube, fiber and composite.…”

“…Chromium (Cr) and its compounds widely used in diverse industrial processes, including alloys and steel manufacturing, metal finishing, electroplating, leather tanning, cooling tower blowdown, or pigments synthesis and dyeing [1] . Most chromium compounds usually start from sodium dichromate or chromate, either directly or indirectly through intermediate steps [2] .…”

“…Chromium is considered as important priority pollutant worldwide [5] . The US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) recommended maximum drinking water level of chromium (0.1 mg/L) [1] . The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health of China have set the permissible guideline of 0.05 mg/L for Cr(VI) in drinking water [5] .…”

“…Compared with others, adsorption is cost effective, easy handling, flexible and selective. To maximize its advantages, researchers show keen interest in low cost adsorbents with high surface areas and adsorption capacities [1,9] . The increasingly mature nanotechnology promote the application of nanoadsorbent which enhances chemical reactivity and adsorbate/adsorbent interactions [1] .…”

“…To maximize its advantages, researchers show keen interest in low cost adsorbents with high surface areas and adsorption capacities [1,9] . The increasingly mature nanotechnology promote the application of nanoadsorbent which enhances chemical reactivity and adsorbate/adsorbent interactions [1] . One the other hand, various kinds of nanomaterial also enhance the Cr(VI) reduction activity like TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalytic reduction [10,11] .…”