Magnetic hyperthermia behaviour of Co and reduced GO nanocomposites

Abstract

Co-precipitation of CoCl 2 .6H 2 O with graphene oxide (GO) and heating at 400°C for 4 h under hydrogen resulted in the construction of cobalt/ reduced GO (Co/rGO) nanocomposite utilisable in magnetic thermal therapy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffraction methods characterised the samples. Time-temperature curves of the samples containing 30, 50, 70, and 100 µg ml −1 Co/rGO nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were determined at different specific heating rates. Magnetic-field response of Co/rGO nanocomposites was better than CoNPs and GO. The biological behaviour of the powders was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Co/rGO nanocomposites showed an acceptable biocompatibility behaviour, whereas the CoNPs demonstrated toxic conduct.

2D Nanomaterials and Their Drug Conjugates for Phototherapy and Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy of Cancer and Infections

“…After 5 min, Co-rGO reached 57 °C, while Co and GOn only raised their temperatures to 48 °C and 39.5 °C, respectively. [44] Alkhayal et al [45] reported rGOn conjugated with Fe 3 O 4 and PEG for cancer MHT. rGOn-Fe 3 O 4 -PEG heating by stimulation with an AMF of 200 A was evaluated at a concentration of 1.6 mg mL −1 using PBS and DMSO as dispersing media.…”

“…Kakavand et al. [ 44 ] produced rGOn modified with Co as a potential MHT agent. Co‐rGOn temperature increase after exposure to a 1500 W magnetic field with 24.8 kA/m intensity and a frequency of 150 kHz, was evaluated at a concentration of 100 µg mL −1 .…”

“…After 5 min, Co‐rGO reached 57 °C, while Co and GOn only raised their temperatures to 48 °C and 39.5 °C, respectively. [ 44 ]…”

“…2DnMat conjugation with IONP, Fe 3 O 4 , and other metals such as Co also allows their utilization as MHT agents. [ 15,17a,44,76 ] Gupta et al. [ 76b ] reported a superparamagnetic iron oxide‐rGOn (rGOn‐Fe 3 O 4 ) produced by a one‐step co‐precipitation method.…”

“…2DnMat have also been conjugated with polymers, proteins, metals, and targeting moieties via covalent or non‐covalent interactions. [ 5,8b,15,17,19,33a‐h,j‐p,43–45,47,50a,c,e,g‐r,54,55e,56b,c,59a,c,61,62d‐h,64–66 , 76e,f,79,90,94f,i,108h,109,138,141 ] Polymers and protein conjugations using PEG and BSA were widely explored and revealed to improve materials stability in physiological media, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, and to facilitate the adsorption of other molecules. [ 33a,b,e,h,i,k,o,p,44,45,50a,c,g,i‐k,m,q,r,56d,59b,62b,e,g,h,66,90,107c ] 2DnMat conjugation with IONP, Fe 3 O 4 and other metals (e.g., Co) is often used to provide magnetic properties to the materials, allowing their use as MHT agents.…”