Magnetic Holes in the Solar Wind and Magnetosheath Near Mercury

Karlsson, Tomas; Heyner, Daniel; Volwerk, M.; Plaschke, Ferdinand; Goetz, Charlotte; Hadid, Lina

doi:10.1029/2020ja028961

Cited by 31 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…2) Solar wind structures. These include the study of the properties and radial evolution of small scale structures, such as discontinuities, including reconnection exhausts (e.g., Gosling et al, 2005), magnetic holes (e.g., Turner et al, 1977;Volwerk et al, 2020;Karlsson et al, 2021), interplanetary shocks and of large scale heliospheric structures, such as transient events [e.g., ICMEs, flux ropes (Kilpua et al, 2017)], and the Co-rotating Interaction Regions (CIRs, Richardson, 2018) which are compressive regions formed in the background magnetic field where high-speed wind runs into the slower wind ahead (e.g. Pizzo, 1980;Gosling and Pizzo, 1999).…”

Section: Operational Instruments Science Topics and Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BepiColombo’s Cruise Phase: Unique Opportunity for Synergistic Observations

Hadid

Génot

Aizawa

et al. 2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The investigation of multi-spacecraft coordinated observations during the cruise phase of BepiColombo (ESA/JAXA) are reported, with a particular emphasis on the recently launched missions, Solar Orbiter (ESA/NASA) and Parker Solar Probe (NASA). Despite some payload constraints, many instruments onboard BepiColombo are operating during its cruise phase simultaneously covering a wide range of heliocentric distances (0.28 AU–0.5 AU). Hence, the various spacecraft configurations and the combined in-situ and remote sensing measurements from the different spacecraft, offer unique opportunities for BepiColombo to be part of these unprecedented multipoint synergistic observations and for potential scientific studies in the inner heliosphere, even before its orbit insertion around Mercury in December 2025. The main goal of this report is to present the coordinated observation opportunities during the cruise phase of BepiColombo (excluding the planetary flybys). We summarize the identified science topics, the operational instruments, the method we have used to identify the windows of opportunity and discuss the planning of joint observations in the future.

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Section: Operational Instruments Science Topics and Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BepiColombo’s Cruise Phase: Unique Opportunity for Synergistic Observations

Hadid

Génot

Aizawa

et al. 2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…Later, mirror mode methods were developed to calculate the zero offset by the formula derived based on the assumption that the ambient magnetic field is parallel to the maximum variance direction of the mirror mode structure (Plaschke & Narita 2016; Plaschke et al 2017). These structures are generated by mirror instabilities (Hasegawa 1969;Remya et al 2013), and widely exist in the solar wind (Zhang et al 2008;Karlsson et al 2021;Volwerk et al 2021), planetary magnetosheaths (Balikhin et al 2009;Tsurutani et al 2011;Osmane et al 2015), planetary magnetospheres (Rae et al 2007;Wang et al 2016Wang et al , 2020, and comets (Schmid et al 2014;Plaschke et al 2018). This suggests that mirror mode methods can be applied to the spacecraft not only in the solar wind, but also in the planetary magnetosheath and magnetosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method of Fluxgate Magnetometer Offset Vector Determination in the Solar Wind Using Any Magnetic Field Variations

Wang

2022

ApJ

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In-depth study of dynamic processes in the astrophysical plasma environment relies on high-precision measurement of the magnetic field. Fluxgate magnetometers (FGMs) are commonly used on spacecraft to measure the magnetic field. However, their zero offsets vary slowly with time, and therefore need regularly in-flight calibration. Traditional methods of calculating the zero offset are based on properties of Alfvén waves, mirror mode structures, or current sheets. Here, we develop a new method of calculating the zero offset using any interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) variations. We create an offset cube according to the possible range of the IMF strength. The average values of B L for the IMF variation events approximately obey the normal distribution if there are enough events, where B L is the magnetic field in the maximum variance direction. Any constant vector added to the natural magnetic field data of the events will make the standard deviation of the normal distribution larger. Thereby, the point is determined to be the zero offset so that the corresponding standard deviation at this point is the minimum in the offset cube. Our test results show that this method has a 95.5% probability of obtaining the zero offset with an error of less than 0.3 nT when 10–21 hr of data are used. Our method provides an option for the in-flight calibration of the spaceborne FGM in the solar wind when there are not enough Alfvén waves, mirror modes, or current sheets.

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“…Mirror mode structures are abundant in the planetary magnetosheath (Balikhin et al 2009;Tsurutani et al 2011;Osmane et al 2015) as well as the terrestrial magnetosphere (Rae et al 2007;Wang et al 2016) and solar wind (Madanian et al 2020;Volwerk et al 2020;Karlsson et al 2021;Volwerk et al 2021). They are generated by mirror instabilities, and manifest as waves and magnetic dips or peaks (Balikhin et al 2009;Tsurutani et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-precision Calibration of the Fluxgate Magnetometer Offset Vector in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath

Wang

2022

ApJ

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High-precision magnetic field measurements are of great significance for the in-depth study of the physical processes in the astrophysical plasma environment. To obtain accurate natural magnetic fields, in-flight calibration is one key step to obtaining zero offset of the spaceborne fluxgate magnetometer (FGM). Mirror mode structures, widely existing in the solar wind and planetary magnetosheaths and magnetospheres, can be used to calculate the zero offset. However, it is difficult to obtain an accurate zero offset by the current methods using mirror mode structures in the planetary magnetosheath. Here, we develop a new method to calculate the zero offset of the spaceborne FGM using magnetic dips, which are a kind of mirror mode structure. This method is based on the assumption that the magnetic field is zero in the cross section of the magnetic dip. Our method is able to calculate the zero offset using only one magnetic dip. We test this method by using the data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission, and find that the calculation errors of 78.1% of the estimated zero offsets are <0.5 nT when using 25 magnetic dips in the terrestrial magnetosheath. This suggests that our method is able to achieve a high accuracy of the zero offset in the planetary magnetosheath.

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Magnetic Holes in the Solar Wind and Magnetosheath Near Mercury

Cited by 31 publications

References 69 publications

BepiColombo’s Cruise Phase: Unique Opportunity for Synergistic Observations

BepiColombo’s Cruise Phase: Unique Opportunity for Synergistic Observations

A New Method of Fluxgate Magnetometer Offset Vector Determination in the Solar Wind Using Any Magnetic Field Variations

High-precision Calibration of the Fluxgate Magnetometer Offset Vector in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath

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