Magnetic heterojunction of oxygen-deficient Ti3+-TiO2 and Ar-Fe2O3 derived from metal-organic frameworks for efficient peroxydisulfate (PDS) photo-activation
“…To further confirm the previously reported energy-level positions, we carried out the M–S measurements (Figure S8) to determine the CB minimum and then calculate the VB maximum via subtracting the CB minimum with band gaps. As shown in Figure S8, the flat band potentials of ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs were determined to be −1.2 and −0.2 V (vs RHE), respectively, by extending the linear part of their corresponding M–S plots, which are close to the reported values. − The M–S plots of both ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs show a positive slope, suggesting that they are n-type semiconductors. It is known that the CB edge of an n-type semiconductor is about 0.2 V negative than the flat band potential; ,, the CB edge of ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs were thus estimated to be −1.4 and −0.4 V (vs RHE), and their VB edges were calculated to be 1.0 and 2.9 V (vs RHE), respectively.…”
Section: Results
and Discussionsupporting
confidence: 75%
“…52−55 The M−S plots of both ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs show a positive slope, suggesting that they are n-type semiconductors. It is known that the CB edge of an n-type semiconductor is about 0.2 V negative than the flat band potential; 52,55,56 the CB edge of ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs were thus estimated to be −1.4 and −0.4 V (vs RHE), and their VB edges were calculated to be 1.0 and 2.9 V (vs RHE), respectively. These values are thus close to the reported ones.…”
A broad-band,
environmentally friendly multijunction photocatalyst,
composed of mixed-phase ZnIn2S4 in situ grown
on TiO2 nanotree powders (NtPs), was prepared via a facile
hydrothermal method. The unique structure of the TiO2 NtPs
provided a large surface area for the easy growth of ZnIn2S4 and for the efficient adsorption of reactants. The
introduced ZnIn2S4, possessing a homojunction
structure enabled by two closely interlaced crystalline phases, endowed
the ZnIn2S4/TiO2 composite with an
enhanced visible-light response and boosted charge separation between
the two phases. Moreover, the in situ growth of ZnIn2S4 on TiO2, forming a heterojunction at the interface,
rendered an intimate contact and strong interaction, which was favorable
for the efficient charge transfer between the two components. These
advantages all together resulted in the significantly enhanced visible-light
photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl orange. The charge-transfer
dynamics and pathways were studied by performing photoluminescence
measurements and in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
analysis. The active species involved in photocatalysis were also
explored by carrying out trapping experiments. Based on these results,
the possible mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity was
proposed and discussed. This work highlights the great potential of
developing broad-band and efficient ZnIn2S4-
and TiO2-based photocatalysts through simultaneously constructing
both a homojunction and a heterojunction for remediating environmental
pollution and provides a mechanistic understanding of photocatalysis
in a type-II, multijunction hybrid.
“…To further confirm the previously reported energy-level positions, we carried out the M–S measurements (Figure S8) to determine the CB minimum and then calculate the VB maximum via subtracting the CB minimum with band gaps. As shown in Figure S8, the flat band potentials of ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs were determined to be −1.2 and −0.2 V (vs RHE), respectively, by extending the linear part of their corresponding M–S plots, which are close to the reported values. − The M–S plots of both ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs show a positive slope, suggesting that they are n-type semiconductors. It is known that the CB edge of an n-type semiconductor is about 0.2 V negative than the flat band potential; ,, the CB edge of ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs were thus estimated to be −1.4 and −0.4 V (vs RHE), and their VB edges were calculated to be 1.0 and 2.9 V (vs RHE), respectively.…”
Section: Results
and Discussionsupporting
confidence: 75%
“…52−55 The M−S plots of both ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs show a positive slope, suggesting that they are n-type semiconductors. It is known that the CB edge of an n-type semiconductor is about 0.2 V negative than the flat band potential; 52,55,56 the CB edge of ZnIn 2 S 4 and TiO 2 NtPs were thus estimated to be −1.4 and −0.4 V (vs RHE), and their VB edges were calculated to be 1.0 and 2.9 V (vs RHE), respectively. These values are thus close to the reported ones.…”
A broad-band,
environmentally friendly multijunction photocatalyst,
composed of mixed-phase ZnIn2S4 in situ grown
on TiO2 nanotree powders (NtPs), was prepared via a facile
hydrothermal method. The unique structure of the TiO2 NtPs
provided a large surface area for the easy growth of ZnIn2S4 and for the efficient adsorption of reactants. The
introduced ZnIn2S4, possessing a homojunction
structure enabled by two closely interlaced crystalline phases, endowed
the ZnIn2S4/TiO2 composite with an
enhanced visible-light response and boosted charge separation between
the two phases. Moreover, the in situ growth of ZnIn2S4 on TiO2, forming a heterojunction at the interface,
rendered an intimate contact and strong interaction, which was favorable
for the efficient charge transfer between the two components. These
advantages all together resulted in the significantly enhanced visible-light
photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methyl orange. The charge-transfer
dynamics and pathways were studied by performing photoluminescence
measurements and in situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
analysis. The active species involved in photocatalysis were also
explored by carrying out trapping experiments. Based on these results,
the possible mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity was
proposed and discussed. This work highlights the great potential of
developing broad-band and efficient ZnIn2S4-
and TiO2-based photocatalysts through simultaneously constructing
both a homojunction and a heterojunction for remediating environmental
pollution and provides a mechanistic understanding of photocatalysis
in a type-II, multijunction hybrid.
“…Figure 4f shows indirect band gaps of 3.27, 2.98, and 2.83 eV for TiO 2 , Cu 30 /TiO 2 , and De-Cu 30 / TiO 2 , respectively. 50,51 Apparently, the band gap of De-Cu 30 / TiO 2 is the smallest among all the samples, and the narrow band gap is essential for the absorption of visible light. This property is also consistent with the fact that its ability to remove Hg 0 by visible light is significantly better than that of the other two samples.…”
Cu X /TiO 2 adsorbents with CuO as the active component were prepared via a simple impregnation method for efficient purification of phosphine (PH 3 ) under the conditions of low temperatures (90 °C) and low oxygen concentration (1%). The PH 3 breakthrough capacity of optimal adsorbent (Cu 30 /TiO 2 ) is 136.2 mg(PH 3 )•g sorbent −1, and the excellent dephosphorization performance is mainly attributed to its abundant sur face-active oxygen and alkaline sites, large specific surface area, and strong interaction between CuO and the support TiO 2 . Surprisingly, CuO is converted to Cu 3 P after the dephosphorization by Cu X /TiO 2 . Since Cu 3 P is a P-type semiconductor with high added value, the deactivated adsorbent (Cu 3 P/TiO 2 ) is an efficient heterostructure photocatalyst for photocatalytic removal of Hg 0 (gas) with the Hg 0 removal performance of 92.64% under visible light. This study provides a feasible strategy for the efficient removal and resource conversion of PH 3 under low-temperature conditions and the alleviation of the environmental risk of secondary pollution.
“…On the other hand, there are studies 19,28,34−36 that conclude that a type II heterojunction is created, where electrons formed under visible light in Fe 2 O 3 can be transferred to the CB of TiO 2 . 39 However, there are also reports 4, 29,37,38 in which it is accepted that although the TiO 2 @Fe 2 O 3 composite forms type I heterojunctions, it behaves favorably with respect to electron transfer. It is claimed that in CB Fed 2 Od 3 , higher levels exist to which the electrons can be transported.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Formation of a type I heterojunction, where the conduction band (CB) edge of TiO 2 is above the CB of Fe 2 O 3 and the valence band (VB) edge of TiO 2 is below that of Fe 2 O 3 , has been proposed. ,− However, in this case, the photoelectrons and photoholes generated in TiO 2 upon UV radiation would transfer to the conduction and valence bands of Fe 2 O 3 , respectively, with no improvement toward suppression of the charge recombination. On the other hand, there are studies ,,− that conclude that a type II heterojunction is created, where electrons formed under visible light in Fe 2 O 3 can be transferred to the CB of TiO 2 . However, there are also reports ,,, in which it is accepted that although the TiO 2 @Fe 2 O 3 composite forms type I heterojunctions, it behaves favorably with respect to electron transfer.…”
Heterostructures of TiO 2 @Fe 2 O 3 with a specific electronic structure and morphology enable us to control the interfacial charge transport necessary for their efficient photocatalytic performance. In spite of the extensive research, there still remains a profound ambiguity as far as the band alignment at the interface of TiO 2 @Fe 2 O 3 is concerned. In this work, the extended type I heterojunction between anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals and α-Fe 2 O 3 hematite nanograins is proposed. Experimental evidence supporting this conclusion is based on direct measurements such as optical spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and the results of indirect studies of photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B (RhB) with selected scavengers of various active species of OH • , h • , e − , and • O 2 − . The presence of small 6−8 nm Fe 2 O 3 crystallites at the surface of TiO 2 has been confirmed in HRTEM images. Irregular 15−50 nm needle-like hematite grains could be observed in scanning electron micrographs. Substitutional incorporation of Fe 3+ ions into the TiO 2 crystal lattice is predicted by a 0.16% decrease in lattice parameter a and a 0.08% change of c, as well as by a shift of the Raman E g(1) peak from 143 cm −1 in pure TiO 2 to 149 cm −1 in Fe 2 O 3 -modified TiO 2 . Analysis of O 1s XPS spectra corroborates this conclusion, indicating the formation of oxygen vacancies at the surface of titanium(IV) oxide. The presence of the Fe 3+ impurity level in the forbidden band gap of TiO 2 is revealed by the 2.80 eV optical transition. The size effect is responsible for the absorption feature appearing at 2.48 eV. Increased photocatalytic activity within the visible range suggests that the electron transfer involves high energy levels of Fe 2 O 3 . Well-programed experiments with scavengers allow us to eliminate the less probable mechanisms of RhB photodecomposition and propose a band diagram of the TiO 2 @Fe 2 O 3 heterojunction.
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