Magnetic Glass Ceramics by Sintering of Borosilicate Glass and Inorganic Waste

Abstract

Ceramics and glass ceramics based on industrial waste have been widely recognized as competitive products for building applications; however, there is a great potential for such materials with novel functionalities. In this paper, we discuss the development of magnetic sintered glass ceramics based on two iron-rich slags, coming from non-ferrous metallurgy and recycled borosilicate glass. The substantial viscous flow of the glass led to dense products for rapid treatments at relatively low temperatures (900-1000 °C), whereas glass/slag interactions resulted in the formation of magnetite crystals, providing ferrimagnetism. Such behavior could be exploited for applying the obtained glass ceramics as induction heating plates, according to preliminary tests (showing the rapid heating of selected samples, even above 200 °C). The chemical durability and safety of the obtained glass ceramics were assessed by both leaching tests and cytotoxicity tests. OPEN ACCESSMaterials 2014, 7 5566

Initial studies on the cytotoxicity of ceramics prepared from dry discharge incinerator bottom ash dust

“…In order to assess the integrity of the nucleus, a nucleic acid staining was performed using DAPI. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, MEF cells on IBA samples expressed similar cell behaviour in the context of morphology and vitality compared to PS-Ref and cover glass [4].…”

“…In order to assess the cell response to IBA ceramics, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells were used, as described elsewhere [4]. MEF cells were seeded at a density of 100,000 cells/sample, cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (Gibco®, Germany) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum (FCS) (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and 1% (v/v) antibiotic-antimycotic (Gibco®, Germany) and incubated in a humidified atmosphere of 95% relative humidity and 5% CO 2 , at 37°C.…”

Cytotoxicity, chemical stability, and surface properties of ferroelectric ceramics for biomaterials

“…We did not observe such a dramatic reduction of MEF cell viability on the cells cultivated 24 hours on PZT. We attribute this to the limited leaching of Pb to the SBF after 24 hours (Figure ) since MEF cells generally display a quasi‐instantaneous reactivity to their environment . Despite that there is no clear cytotoxicity, the negative effect of Pb leached ions is corroborated taking into account the much lower cell density observed on PZT as compared to the lead‐free ferroelectrics (Figure ).…”

Waste derived glass ceramic composites prepared by low temperature sintering/sinter-crystallisation

“…Cytotoxicity tests were performed according to a 'direct' method. 10 A suspension of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells was cultured for 24 h in a Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing 10% foetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin, at 37uC, in a humidified atmosphere incubator (air, with 5% CO 2 ). In the direct method, cells were seeded on the samples (selected sintered glass-ceramics and SLG, used as a reference) for a 24 h incubation time.…”

“…Such assays can be carried out by standard cell culture methods. 16 Even if such cell culture methods were first reported for glass-ceramics produced from waste more than 15 years ago, 15 they have not been widely applied in most subsequent studies, a situation that current research is tackling 10,17 aiming at enhancing the social acceptance and industrial attractiveness of waste derived materials. Figure 8 reports the cell viabilities (left), after a 24 h exposition of the materials in a culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and the morphology and spreading of cells on sample surfaces (right), with blue and green evidencing the nuclei (Dapi markers) and the cytoplasms (calcein markers) respectively.…”