Magnetic full-tensor SQUID gradiometer system for geophysical applications

Stolz, R.; Zakosarenko, V.; Schulz, M.; Chwala, A.; Fritzsch, L.; Meyer, H.‐G.; Köstlin, E.O.

doi:10.1190/1.2172308

Cited by 95 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With the best achievable value for the overall balance of 2 Â 10 7 (Stolz et al, 2004;Meyer et al, 2005), both limitations of the magnetic field gradient resolution -sensor noise and impact of signals due to movement in the Earth's magnetic field -amount to about 0.7 pT pp m À1 in a frequency band from 0.001 Hz to 10 Hz. The result of the balance enhancement can be seen in Figure 4b, where no impact of movement in the magnetic field gradient map is now visible.…”

Section: The Squid Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and sensitive magnetometer surveys of large areas using SQUIDs – the measurement system and its application to the Niederzimmern Neolithic double‐ring ditch exploration

Schultze

Linzen

Schüler³

et al. 2008

Archaeological Prospection

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Ageomagnetic field measurement system for the detection ofarchaeologicalsignaturesinthe subsoil is presented based on the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The system provides fast mapping of large areas with high magnetic field gradient resolution as well as lateral precision. The acquired data are geographically referenced and also the altitude profile is given. The properties of the system were tested intensively at the large Neolithic double-ring ditch enclosure of Niederzimmern near Weimar, Germany. Differences of the signal acquisition compared with caesium magnetometers are discussed. In the Niederzimmern double-ring ditch enclosure, with an area of 27 ha, archaeological patterns were found only near the gates. These SQUID measurements, together with accompanying excavations, provide a complex picture of the double-ring ditch enclosure, dated about 5600 years old.

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Section: The Squid Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and sensitive magnetometer surveys of large areas using SQUIDs – the measurement system and its application to the Niederzimmern Neolithic double‐ring ditch exploration

Schultze

Linzen

Schüler³

et al. 2008

Archaeological Prospection

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“…SQUIDs have the best sensitivity on offer for terrestrial operations. One low-T c SQUID gradiometer has a sensitivity of 6 × 10 −14 T/(m √ Hz) [4] in the laboratory with a 1/f noise corner at 0.3 Hz. 1/f flicker noise is more severe in high-T c gradiometers which have a typical 1/f noise corner of 10 Hz [42,5].…”

Section: Low-frequency Noise Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SQUID-based magnetic gradiometers are currently under development mainly for airborne geophysical reconnaissance purposes [4,5]. On their own, SQUID gradiometers provide a very high sensitivity to magnetic gradients in the laboratory environment [6], and require some additional auxiliary equipment and a compensation technique when deployed from a moving platform [4]. Due to logistical difficulties, the use of SQUIDs in space has been limited until recently [2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their paper, some cryogenically cooled SQUID-based magnetic gradiometer designs have been considered. SQUID-based magnetic gradiometers are currently under development mainly for airborne geophysical reconnaissance purposes [4,5]. On their own, SQUID gradiometers provide a very high sensitivity to magnetic gradients in the laboratory environment [6], and require some additional auxiliary equipment and a compensation technique when deployed from a moving platform [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct string magnetic gradiometer for space applications

Sunderland¹,

Veryaskin²,

McRae³

et al. 2008

Sensors and Actuators A: Physical

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a b s t r a c tRecently, a novel direct string magnetic gradiometer (DSMG) has been developed, where a vibrating wire, driven by an AC current, is used as a single sensitive element. It is designed to directly measure the local offdiagonal components of the magnetic gradient tensor, Bxz, Byz and Bxy, provided the distance to an object creating magnetic anomalies is much larger than the length of the string. This requirement is well satisfied in space, if the sensor is deployed from a satellite platform orbiting near the planet under surveillance. Current instruments operating at 1 kPa pressure achieve sensitivity of 4 × 10 −10 T/(m √ Hz) in the band 0.0025-0.3 Hz. In this paper we show that proposed modifications to the current gradiometer design, specifically aimed at the deployment in space, could have a magnetic gradient sensitivity better than 10 −13 T/(m √ Hz) in the frequency range of interest for specific missions both for fundamental research and for such applications as geophysical exploration on Mars and other solar system planets. Also, by combining a few single-axis magnetic gradiometer modules, it is possible to deploy a full tensor magnetic gradiometer.

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“…Since their development in the 1960s, optically pumped magnetometers have been preferred for geophysical surveying as they directly measure the total magnetic intensity (TMI) and are insensitive to instrument orientation. Recently, SQUID-based sensors have been developed for directly measuring magnetic tensors [1,2], which are advantageous for a number of reasons [3]. First, magnetic tensors are relatively insensitive to instrument orientation since magnetic gradients arise largely from localized sources and not from the Earth's background field or regional trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Inversion of SQUID Magnetic Tensor Data

Zhdanov¹,

Cai²,

Wilson³

2012

J Geol Geosci

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Developments in SQUID-based technology have enabled direct measurement of magnetic tensor data for geophysical exploration. For quantitative interpretation, we introduce 3D regularized inversion for magnetic tensor data. For mineral exploration-scale targets, our model studies show that magnetic tensor data have significantly improved resolution compared to magnetic vector data for the same model. We present a case study for the 3D regularized inversion of magnetic tensor data acquired over a magnetite skarn at Tallawang, Australia. The results obtained from our 3D regularized inversion agree very well with the known geology of the area.

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Magnetic full-tensor SQUID gradiometer system for geophysical applications

Cited by 95 publications

References 8 publications

Rapid and sensitive magnetometer surveys of large areas using SQUIDs – the measurement system and its application to the Niederzimmern Neolithic double‐ring ditch exploration

Rapid and sensitive magnetometer surveys of large areas using SQUIDs – the measurement system and its application to the Niederzimmern Neolithic double‐ring ditch exploration

Direct string magnetic gradiometer for space applications

3D Inversion of SQUID Magnetic Tensor Data

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