“…Therefore, it is important to understand and quantify the demagnetization effects on both the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga in MFIS. Although there exist experiments (e.g., among others, [7,12,25]) and models (e.g., among others, [23,[37][38][39]) studying on Ni-Mn-Ga by considering the demagnetization field, to the best of our knowledge, the investigation of the demagnetization effects on MFIS and the associated microstructural evolution as well as the fundamental physical mechanism regarding this material has not yet been reported. To develop a more complete understanding of the cause of the problem, further research on both the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of Ni-MnGa in MFIS as well as the utilization of more advanced quantitative analytical techniques is warranted.…”
“…Therefore, it is important to understand and quantify the demagnetization effects on both the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga in MFIS. Although there exist experiments (e.g., among others, [7,12,25]) and models (e.g., among others, [23,[37][38][39]) studying on Ni-Mn-Ga by considering the demagnetization field, to the best of our knowledge, the investigation of the demagnetization effects on MFIS and the associated microstructural evolution as well as the fundamental physical mechanism regarding this material has not yet been reported. To develop a more complete understanding of the cause of the problem, further research on both the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of Ni-MnGa in MFIS as well as the utilization of more advanced quantitative analytical techniques is warranted.…”
“…Here, we present only a couple of results, which are simplified, one-dimensional versions of this generalized modelling framework where the traction and magnetic field are applied along the same axial direction. Figure 5 represents the model predictions of the field-induced strain and magnetization [55]. Finally, we want to comment on the following fact.…”
Section: Numerical Examplesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Gibbs free energy for such a mechanism, similar to FIVR, is considered by a quadratic expansion of the corresponding integrity basis. The detailed derivations of constitutive equations, model calibrations, model simulations and predictions can be found in [55]. Here, we present only a couple of results, which are simplified, one-dimensional versions of this generalized modelling framework where the traction and magnetic field are applied along the same axial direction.…”
A free energy-based constitutive formulation is considered for magnetic shape memory alloys. Internal state variables are introduced whose evolution describes the transition from reference state to the deformed and transformed one. We impose material symmetry restrictions on the Gibbs free energy and on the evolution equations of the internal state variables. Discrete symmetry is considered for single crystals, whereas continuous symmetry is considered for polycrystalline materials.
“…Mn rich Ni-Mn-Z (Z = Ga, In, Sn or Sb) type shape memory alloys have been studied for their novel properties like giant reverse magneto-caloric effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], large magnetic field induced strain [18][19][20][21][22][23], magnetic superelasticity [24] and complex magnetic order [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The origin of all these effects lie in a strong coupling between structural and magnetic degrees of freedom.…”
We have carried out ab-initio calculations of local structure of Mn and Ni in Mn2Ni1.5In0.5 alloy with different site occupancies in order to understand the similarities in martensitic and magnetic properties of Mn2Ni1+xIn1−x and Ni2Mn1 + xIn1−x alloys. Our results show that in Mn2Ni1+xIn1−x alloys there is a strong possibility of Mn atoms occupying all the three, X, Y and Z sites of X2YZ Heusler structure while Ni atoms preferentially occupy the X sites. Such a site occupancy disorder of Mn atoms is in addition to a local structural disorder due to size differences between Mn and In atoms which is also present in Ni2Mn1+xIn1−x alloys. Further, a comparison of the calculations with experimental XAFS at the Mn and Ni K edges in Mn2−yNi1.6+yIn0.4 (−0.08 ≤ y ≤ 0.08) indicate a strong connection between martensitic transformation and occupancy of Z sites by Mn atoms.
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