Magnetic field imaging with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles

Pham, Linh; Sage, D. Le; Stanwix, Paul L.; Yeung, Tsz-Lun; Glenn, David; Trifonov, Alexei; Cappellaro, Paola; Hemmer, Philip; Lukin, Mikhail D.; Park, Hongkun; Yacoby, Amir; Walsworth, Ronald L.

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/4/045021

Cited by 289 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this physical picture, ∆E is proportional to the concentration of 13 C impurities and to the N-13 C hyperfine interaction energy, whereas ∆ N is proportional to the N concentration. Given the magnetic moments and concentrations of the N and 13 C spin impurities, and the large N-13 C hyperfine interaction in diamond 37,38 , we estimate ∆E~10 MHz and ∆ N~1 MHz for the Apollo and HPHT samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values imply an order of magnitude suppression of R compared with the bare electronic spin flip-flop rate ignoring N-13 C interactions (R bare~∆N ), which is consistent with our experimental results for τ c~1 /R ( Table 1). The estimate of ∆E is based on a MonteCarlo simulation of the relative hyperfine interactions of 1,000 N spin pairs with a random distribution of 13 C spin impurities at the natural abundance concentration of 1.1% (Supplementary Methods). For the 12 C sample, the low concentration of 13 C spins greatly reduces the magnitude of ∆E, and hence the spin-bath suppression is negligible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first sample, referred to as the 12 C sample, is an isotopically pure 12 C diamond sample grown by chemical vapour deposition (Element 6), which we studied using an NV wide-field microscope 13 . This sample has a very low concentration of 13 C nuclear spin impurities (0.01%), a moderate concentration of N electronic spin impurities (~1 p.p.m. ), and a moderate NV density (~10 14 (cm − 3 )).…”

Section: Spectral Decomposition Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In characterizing the potential usefulness of multi-qubit systems for quantum applications, the product of the qubit density (n qb ) and the qubit coherence lifetime (T 2 ) serves as a basic figure-of-merit (FOM), FOM = n qb T 2 . For example, in quantum measurements the phase-shift sensitivity δφ scales as 1/ FOM 5,[13][14][15] . Increasing this multi-qubit FOM requires an understanding of the sources of decoherence in the system and their interplay with qubit density.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Suppression of spin-bath dynamics for improved coherence of multi-spin-qubit systems

et al. 2012

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multi-qubit systems are crucial for the advancement and application of quantum science. such systems require maintaining long coherence times while increasing the number of qubits available for coherent manipulation. For solid-state spin systems, qubit coherence is closely related to fundamental questions of many-body spin dynamics. Here we apply a coherent spectroscopic technique to characterize the dynamics of the composite solid-state spin environment of nitrogen-vacancy colour centres in room temperature diamond. We identify a possible new mechanism in diamond for suppression of electronic spin-bath dynamics in the presence of a nuclear spin bath of sufficient concentration. This suppression enhances the efficacy of dynamical decoupling techniques, resulting in increased coherence times for multispin-qubit systems, thus paving the way for applications in quantum information, sensing and metrology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spectral Decomposition Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppression of spin-bath dynamics for improved coherence of multi-spin-qubit systems

et al. 2012

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“…Precision metrology has already been demonstrated for DC and AC fields [9][10][11][12][13][14] , spins within the diamond lattice [15][16][17][18] and surface spins 19 . Here, we demonstrate sensing and imaging of stochastic magnetic fluctuations originating from freely diffusing electron spins such as paramagnetic oxygen (O 2 , S ¼ 1), MnCl 2 (S ¼ 5/2) and Gadolinium ions (Gd 3 þ , S ¼ 7/2) in liquids, immobilized in polymers and linked specifically to cellular structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Steinert¹,

Ziem²,

et al. 2013

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The detection of small numbers of magnetic spins is a significant challenge in the life, physical and chemical sciences, especially when room temperature operation is required. Here we show that a proximal nitrogen-vacancy spin ensemble serves as a high precision sensing and imaging array. Monitoring its longitudinal relaxation enables sensing of freely diffusing, unperturbed magnetic ions and molecules in a microfluidic device without applying external magnetic fields. Multiplexed charge-coupled device acquisition and an optimized detection scheme permits direct spin noise imaging of magnetically labelled cellular structures under ambient conditions. Within 20 s we achieve spatial resolutions below 500 nm and experimental sensitivities down to 1,000 statistically polarized spins, of which only 32 ions contribute to a net magnetization. The results mark a major step towards versatile subcellular magnetic imaging and real-time spin sensing under physiological conditions providing a minimally invasive tool to monitor ion channels or haemoglobin trafficking inside live cells.

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Micrometer‐scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope

Glenn

Kehayias

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

161

202

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Remanent magnetization in geological samples may record the past intensity and direction of planetary magnetic fields. Traditionally, this magnetization is analyzed through measurements of the net magnetic moment of bulk millimeter to centimeter sized samples. However, geological samples are often mineralogically and texturally heterogeneous at submillimeter scales, with only a fraction of the ferromagnetic grains carrying the remanent magnetization of interest. Therefore, characterizing this magnetization in such cases requires a technique capable of imaging magnetic fields at fine spatial scales and with high sensitivity. To address this challenge, we developed a new instrument, based on nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamond, which enables direct imaging of magnetic fields due to both remanent and induced magnetization, as well as optical imaging, of room‐temperature geological samples with spatial resolution approaching the optical diffraction limit. We describe the operating principles of this device, which we call the quantum diamond microscope (QDM), and report its optimized image‐area‐normalized magnetic field sensitivity (20 µT⋅µm/Hz1/2), spatial resolution (5 µm), and field of view (4 mm), as well as trade‐offs between these parameters. We also perform an absolute magnetic field calibration for the device in different modes of operation, including three‐axis (vector) and single‐axis (projective) magnetic field imaging. Finally, we use the QDM to obtain magnetic images of several terrestrial and meteoritic rock samples, demonstrating its ability to resolve spatially distinct populations of ferromagnetic carriers.

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Magnetic field imaging with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles

Cited by 289 publications

References 30 publications

Suppression of spin-bath dynamics for improved coherence of multi-spin-qubit systems

Suppression of spin-bath dynamics for improved coherence of multi-spin-qubit systems

Magnetic spin imaging under ambient conditions with sub-cellular resolution

Micrometer‐scale magnetic imaging of geological samples using a quantum diamond microscope

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