Magnetic field and external pressure control of ferroelectricity in multiferroic manganites

Kuwahara, H.; Noda, Kohei; Nagayama, J.; Nakamura, Shoichi

doi:10.1016/j.physb.2005.01.356

Physica B: Condensed Matter

2005

DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2005.01.356

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Magnetic field and external pressure control of ferroelectricity in multiferroic manganites

H. Kuwahara

Kohei Noda

J. Nagayama

et al.

Abstract: We have investigated dielectric properties in a series of crystals of RMnO3 (R is a rare earth ion) under magnetic fields and quasihydrostatic pressure. We have found that ferroelectric phase appeared in GdMnO3 crystal below 13K. We have confirmed that a small spontaneous polarization exists along a axis (Pa) in the orthorhombic P bnm setting and that Pa can be reversed by the dc electric field. The dielectric anomaly due to the ferroelectric transition accompanied thermal hysteresis and lattice striction. The… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…1(c) also shows a reproducible anomaly at T AF D ∼ 148 K (heating) to T AF D ∼ 173 K (cooling). This corresponds to the antiferrodistortive phase transition in SrTiO 3 , consistent with thermodynamic phase field predictions [8,9]. The slight drop in the SHG intensity at the AFD transition could arise from a more effective phase cancellation of the SHG intensity due to doubling of the domain variants from 4 to 8 in the multiferroic phase.…”

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confidence: 82%

“…Dy, 77.80.Dj, 77.80.Fm, 42.70.Mp Multiferroic materials with multiple order parameters such as polarization, magnetization, and spontaneous strain lead to the coexistence of two or more of the primary ferroic properties. As a consequence, multiferroics are attracting significant interest due to the possibility of a rich array of coupled phenomena such as ferroelasticelectric-magnetic, piezo-electric-magnetic, and electromagneto-optic effects [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. At first glance, strontium titanate would appear an unlikely candidate for a multiferoic.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multiferroic Domain Dynamics in Strained Strontium Titanate

et al. 2006

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Multiferroicity can be induced in strontium titanate by applying biaxial strain, resulting in the coexistence of both ferroelectric and antiferrodistortive domains. The magnitude and sign of the strain imposed on the lattice by design can be used to tune the phase transitions and interactions between these two phenomena. Using optical second harmonic generation, we report a transition from centrosymmetric 4/mmm phase to ferroelectric mm2, followed by an antiferrodistortive transition to a coupled ferroelastic-ferroelectric mm2 phase in a strontium titanate thin film strained in biaxial tension by 0.94%. The results agree well with theoretical first principles and phase-field predictions. Direct imaging of domains arising from the ferroelectric phase transition, and its switching under electric fields is demonstrated using piezoelectric force microscopy. Nonlinear optics combined with phase-field modeling is used to show that the dominant multiferroic domain switching mechanism is through coupled 90• ferroelectric-ferroelastic domain wall motion. More broadly, these studies of coexisting ferroelectric (polar) and antiferrodistortive rotation (axial) phenomena could have relevance to multiferroics with coexisting ferroelectric (polar) and magnetic (axial) phenomena.PACS numbers: 77.84. Dy, 77.80.Dj, 77.80.Fm, 42.70.Mp Multiferroic materials with multiple order parameters such as polarization, magnetization, and spontaneous strain lead to the coexistence of two or more of the primary ferroic properties. As a consequence, multiferroics are attracting significant interest due to the possibility of a rich array of coupled phenomena such as ferroelasticelectric-magnetic, piezo-electric-magnetic, and electromagneto-optic effects [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. At first glance, strontium titanate would appear an unlikely candidate for a multiferoic. Bulk SrTiO 3 is a cubic (m3m) centrosymmetric perovskite at room temperature; it undergoes a nonpolar antiferrodistortive (AFD) phase transformation to a tetragonal point group 4/mmm at ∼105 K, and exhibits indications of a frustrated ferroelectric (FE) transition at ∼20 K, which it never completes [9]. First principles calculations [10] and thermodynamic analysis [11,12] have suggested however, that external strain can induce ferroelectricity. This prediction has been experimentally confirmed recently in a SrTiO 3 thin film strained in biaxial tension [13]. A number of fundamental issues, however, remain to be addressed. No direct imaging of ferroelectric domains or its switching dynamics has been reported in this material. The multiferroic nature of strained strontium titanate, i.e., the coexistence of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains has not received much attention, though it is unique in many respects. It is induced by external strain. Further, unlike other ferroelectric-ferroelastics such as BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 * In review in Physical Review Letters which have a primary order parameter in polarization and secondary order parameter in strain, two independent primary order par...

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confidence: 99%

Multiferroic Domain Dynamics in Strained Strontium Titanate

et al. 2006

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“…4 Concerning the FE polarization, contradictory results have been reported. Kuwahara et al 8 find a finite polarization below 13 K, while Kimura et al 4 observe FE order only between 5 K and 8 K. The magnitude of P is much smaller than in TbMnO 3 and DyMnO 3 and the direction is P||a. Moreover, there are no magneticfield-induced polarization flops.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Moreover, there are no magneticfield-induced polarization flops. Instead the polarization is stabilized by a magnetic field along b, while it is immediately suppressed for fields along a and c. 4,8 In order to study the coupling of the various phase boundaries to lattice degrees of freedom we have conducted high-resolution measurements of thermal expansion and magnetostriction on GdMnO 3 . We find pronounced anomalies at all transitions, i.e.…”

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Hysteresis effects in the phase diagram of multiferroicGdMnO3

et al. 2006

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We present high-resolution thermal expansion α(T ) and magnetostriction ∆L(H)/L measurements of GdMnO3, which develops an incommensurate antiferromagnetic order (ICAFM) below TN ≃ 42 K and transforms into a canted A-type antiferromagnet (cAFM) below Tc ≃ 20 K. In addition, a ferroelectric polarization P||a is observed below TFE for finite magnetic fields applied along the b direction. In zero magnetic field we find a strongly anisotropic thermal expansion with certain, rather broad anomalous features. In finite magnetic fields, however, very strong anomalies arise at Tc for fields applied along each of the orthorhombic axes and at TFE for fields along the b axis. Both phase transitions are of first-order type and strongly hysteretic. We observe a down-bending of the ICAFM-to-cAFM phase boundary Tc(H) for low magnetic fields and our data give evidence for coexisting phases in the low-field low-temperature range.The recent discovery of very large magnetoelectric effects in the rare-earth manganites RMnO 3 has reopened the field of the so-called multiferroic materials. 1,2 Multiferroic means, that several ferro-type orders like ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity or ferroelastivity coexist. The rare-earth manganites RMnO 3 may be grouped into the hexagonal ones (R= Ho,. . . , Lu) and those with orthorhombically distorted perovskite structures (R= La,. . . , Dy). The hexagonal RMnO 3 show both, ferroelectric and magnetic order, but the respective ordering temperatures differ by an order of magnitude, T FE ≃ 1000 K and T N ≃ 100 K. 3 In contrast, RMnO 3 with R = Gd, Tb, and Dy possess comparable transition temperatures for the magnetic and the ferroelectric ordering. 1,2 Both, TbMnO 3 and DyMnO 3 develop an incommensurate antiferromagnetic order (ICAFM) below about 40 K. The incommensurability continuously changes upon cooling and becomes almost constant below T c ≃ 28 K and ≃ 19 K for R = Tb and Dy, respectively. The transition to this long-wavelength incommensurate antiferromagnetic (LT-ICAFM) phase is accompanied by ferroelectric (FE) ordering with a polarization P||c, which flops to P||a above a critical magnetic field applied along the a or b direction, while it is suppressed for large fields along c. 4 GdMnO 3 also shows an ICAFM order below T N ≃ 42 K and a second transition at T c ≃ 23 K. Based on the observed weak ferromagnetism 5,6 and on X-ray diffraction studies 7 a canted A-type antiferromagnetic ordering (cAFM) has been proposed for T < T c , but a direct magnetic structure determination has not yet been published. Both transition temperatures weakly increase in a magnetic field. 4 Concerning the FE polarization, contradictory results have been reported. Kuwahara et al. 8 find a finite polarization below 13 K, while Kimura et al. 4 observe FE order only between 5 K and 8 K. The magnitude of P is much smaller than in TbMnO 3 and DyMnO 3 and the direction is P||a. Moreover, there are no magneticfield-induced polarization flops. Instead the polarization is stabilized by a magnetic field along b, while it is i...

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Effect of barium doping on the microstructure, dielectric and magnetic properties of GdMnO3 multiferroic ceramics

Hirata

Liu

Peng

et al. 2018

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Magnetic field and external pressure control of ferroelectricity in multiferroic manganites

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Multiferroic Domain Dynamics in Strained Strontium Titanate

Multiferroic Domain Dynamics in Strained Strontium Titanate

Hysteresis effects in the phase diagram of multiferroicGdMnO3

Effect of barium doping on the microstructure, dielectric and magnetic properties of GdMnO3 multiferroic ceramics

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