Magnetic drug delivery with FePd nanowires

Abstract

Magnetic drug delivery is a promising method to target a drug to a diseased area while reducing negative side effects caused by systemic administration of drugs. In magnetic drug delivery a therapeutic agent is coupled to a magnetic nanoparticle. The particles are injected and at the target location withdrawn from blood flow by a magnetic field. In this study a FePd nanowire is developed with optimised properties for magnetic targeting. The nanowires have a high magnetic moment to reduce the field gradient needed to capture them with a magnet. The dimensions and the materials of the nanowire and coating are such that they are dispersable in aqueous media, non-cytotoxic, easily phagocytosed and not complement activating. This is established in several in-vitro tests with macrophage and endothelial cell lines.Along with the nanowires a magnet is designed, optimised for capture of the nanowires from the blood flow in the hind leg of a rat. The system is used in a pilot scale in-vivo experiment. No negative side effects from injection of the nanowires were found within the limited time span of the experiment. In this first pilot experiment no nanowires were found to be targeted by the magnet, or in the liver, kidneys or spleen, most likely the particles were removed during the fixation procedure.

Magnetometry of Individual Polycrystalline Ferromagnetic Nanowires

“…Depending on the operational volume and the field‐gradient complexity required for the particular in vitro or in vivo application, the design of such magnetic field generation and manipulation systems can be a challenging task . It is quite often the case that theoretical bulk magnetic properties or ensemble measurement data are used for modeling and data interpretation, as the measurement of the field dependence of the magnetic moment of individual nanostructures is difficult. We quantified the lowering and the stochastic oxidation dependent uncertainty in the saturation magnetization of these nanowires.…”

Implication of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Detection, Screening and Treatment

“…A magnet was designed for capture of the nanowires from the blood flow in the hind leg of a rat and no negative side effects from injection of the nanowires were found. Preliminary in vivo tests performed on animals proved that FePd nanowires were non-cytotoxic and non-immunotoxic which is an essential condition for any in vivo application and promising for future use in a clinical application [86]. Although the method was successfully applied in some modeling studies and also in animals and humans, no magnetic drug delivery applications have yet clinical use.…”

Magnetic and Quantum Dot Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Systems

“…Currently, a number of different types of nanoparticles along with various macromolecules are used for drug delivery. Nanoparticles in different structures are produced depending on their configuration and utility such as nanotubes [99], nanowires [100], nanoshells [101], quantum dots [102], nanopores, nanobots [103], nanoerythrocytes [104], etc. Drugs or biomolecules are attached to the nanoparticles by adsorption, covalent attachment, or entrapment [18].…”