Magnetic carbon nanotubes: Carbide nucleated electrochemical growth of ferromagnetic CNTs from CO2

Wang, Xirui; Sharif, Farbod; Liu, Xinye; Licht, Gad; Lefler, Matthew; Licht, Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101218

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…When transition metal nucleation sites are inhibited from formation during the synthesis, for example by replacing the nickel containing anode with a more noble metal such as iridium, platinum, or a noble metal alloy, we have then observed and demonstrated the high yield electrosynthesis of other carbon nanomaterials from electrolyses in Li 2 CO 3 electrolyte, such as carbon nano-onions, nano-platelets and graphene (as shown in Fig. 1 ) 45 – 47 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The raw product is collected from the cathode after the experiment and cool down, followed by an aqueous HCl wash procedure. As previously described 45 . The washed carbon product is separated by vacuum filtration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as illustrated in Fig. 1 , in the absence of transition metal nucleating agents, we have recently demonstrated that other uniform products, C arbon N ano- O nions (CNOs), C arbon N ano- P latelets (CNPs) and graphene can be synthesized instead via molten carbonate electrolysis of CO 2 45 – 48 .

Figure 1 High yield electrolytic synthesis of carbon nano materials from CO 2 , either directly from the air or from smoke stack CO 2 , in molten carbonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One pot facile transformation of CO2 to an unusual 3-D nano-scaffold morphology of carbon

Wang

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Liu

et al. 2020

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An electrosynthesis is presented to transform CO2 into an unusual nano and micron dimensioned morphology of carbon, termed Carbon Nano-Scaffold (CNS) with wide a range of high surface area graphene potential usages including batteries, supercapacitors, compression devices, electromagnetic wave shielding and sensors. Current CNS value is over $323 per milligram. The morphology consists of a series of asymmetric 20 to 100 nm thick flat multilayer graphene platelets 2 to 20 µm long orthogonally oriented in a 3D neoplasticism-like geometry, and appears distinct from the honeycomb, foam, or balsa wood cell structures previously attributed to carbon scaffolds. The CNS synthesis splits CO2 by electrolysis in molten carbonate and has a carbon negative footprint. It is observed that transition metal nucleated, high yield growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is inhibited in electrolytes containing over 50 wt% of sodium or 30 wt% of potassium carbonate, or at electrolysis temperatures less than 700 °C. Here, it is found that a lower temperature of synthesis, lower concentrations of lithium carbonate, and higher current density promotes CNS growth while suppressing CNT growth. Electrolyte conditions of 50 wt% sodium carbonate relative to lithium carbonate at an electrolysis temperature of 670 °C produced over 80% of the CNS desired product at 85% faradaic efficiency with a Muntz brass cathode and an Inconel anode.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure 1 High yield electrolytic synthesis of carbon nano materials from CO 2 , either directly from the air or from smoke stack CO 2 , in molten carbonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One pot facile transformation of CO2 to an unusual 3-D nano-scaffold morphology of carbon

Wang

Licht

Liu

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The needs for carbon black are large and cover products such as toner for printing, llers for polymers and concrete, and many more. [91][92][93][94][95] Higher-value products such as carbon nanotubes 96,97 or diamonds 98 can also be made from CO 2 .…”

Section: Paper Faraday Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiers Memorial Lecture: CO₂ utilization: why, why now, and how?

Sick

2021

Faraday Discuss.

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“…In 2009 and 2010 a novel sunlight driven methodology to split CO 2 into carbon and oxygen by molten carbonate electrolysis was introduced 7,8 . This process does not require sunlight, and it was demonstrated that using a molten carbonate and a variety of electrolytic configurations, the carbon product can be made into pure carbon nanomaterials, such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] . For example, this novel chemistry transforms the greenhouse Carbon dioxide to Carbon NanoTubes (C2CNT), and directly captures and CO 2 from the atmosphere or from concentrated anthropogenic CO 2 sources such as power plant exhaust.…”

Section: Calcium Metaborate Induced Thin Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

Wang

Liu

Licht

et al. 2020

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An electrosynthesis is presented to transform the greenhouse gas CO2 into an unusually thin walled, smaller diameter morphology of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). The transformation occurs at high yield and coulombic efficiency of the 4-electron CO2 reduction in a molten carbonate electrolyte. The electrosynthesis is driven by an unexpected synergy between calcium and metaborate. In a pure molten lithium carbonate electrolyte, thicker walled CNTs (100–160 nm diameter) are synthesized during a 4 h CO2 electrolysis at 0.1 A cm−2. At this low current density, CO2 without pre-concentration is directly absorbed by the air (direct air capture) to renew and sustain the carbonate electrolyte. The addition of 2 wt% Li2O to the electrolyte produces thinner, highly uniform (50–80 nm diameter) walled CNTs, consisting of ~ 75 concentric, cylindrical graphene walls. The product is produced at high yield (the cathode product consists of > 98% CNTs). It had previously been demonstrated that the addition of 5–10 wt% lithium metaborate to the lithium carbonate electrolyte boron dopes the CNTs increasing their electrical conductivity tenfold, and that the addition of calcium carbonate to a molten lithium carbonate supports the electrosynthesis of thinner walled CNTs, but at low yield (only ~ 15% of the product are CNTs). Here it is shown that the same electrolysis conditions, but with the addition of 7.7 wt% calcium metaborate to lithium carbonate, produces unusually thin walled CNTs uniform (22–42 nm diameter) CNTs consisting of ~ 25 concentric, cylindrical graphene walls at a high yield of > 90% CNTs.

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Magnetic carbon nanotubes: Carbide nucleated electrochemical growth of ferromagnetic CNTs from CO2

Cited by 26 publications

References 85 publications

One pot facile transformation of CO2 to an unusual 3-D nano-scaffold morphology of carbon

One pot facile transformation of CO2 to an unusual 3-D nano-scaffold morphology of carbon

Spiers Memorial Lecture: CO₂ utilization: why, why now, and how?

Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

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Magnetic carbon nanotubes: Carbide nucleated electrochemical growth of ferromagnetic CNTs from CO2

Cited by 26 publications

References 85 publications

One pot facile transformation of CO2 to an unusual 3-D nano-scaffold morphology of carbon

One pot facile transformation of CO2 to an unusual 3-D nano-scaffold morphology of carbon

Spiers Memorial Lecture: CO2 utilization: why, why now, and how?

Calcium metaborate induced thin walled carbon nanotube syntheses from CO2 by molten carbonate electrolysis

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Product

Resources

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Spiers Memorial Lecture: CO₂ utilization: why, why now, and how?