Magnetic birefringence of minerals

Jennings, B. R.; Wilson, Stephen R.; Ridler, P. J.

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.052

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…As a result, the intrinsic optical anisotropy factor 4g of 2D CTO materials, which is independent of the concentration, can be determined and estimated to be 2.85 × 10 −11 C 2 J −1 m −1 , according to 4g = 2nε 0 C vol 4n s , where n, ε 0, and C vol are average suspension refractive index, vacuum dielectric constant and volume concentration of 2D material, respectively. Such factor is more than one order of magnitude larger than the highest reported value in 2D materials (1.62 × 10 −12 C 2 J −1 m −1 ) 36,37 , and even two-times larger than the tolane-based highest-birefringence liquid crystal, such as bitolane, phenyl tolane 38 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

A 2D material–based transparent hydrogel with engineerable interference colours

et al. 2022

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Transparent hydrogels are key materials for many applications, such as contact lens, imperceptible soft robotics and invisible wearable devices. Introducing large and engineerable optical anisotropy offers great prospect for endowing them with extra birefringence-based functions and exploiting their applications in see-through flexible polarization optics. However, existing transparent hydrogels suffer from limitation of low and/or non-fine engineerable birefringence. Here, we invent a transparent magneto-birefringence hydrogel with large and finely engineerable optical anisotropy. The large optical anisotropy factor of the embedded magnetic two-dimensional material gives rise to the large magneto-birefringence of the hydrogel in the transparent condition of ultra-low concentration, which is several orders of magnitude larger than usual transparent magnetic hydrogels. High transparency, large and tunable optical anisotropy cooperatively permit the magnetic patterning of interference colours in the hydrogel. The hydrogel also shows mechanochromic and thermochromic property. Our finding provides an entry point for applying hydrogel in optical anisotropy and colour centred fields, with several proof-of-concept applications been demonstrated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

A 2D material–based transparent hydrogel with engineerable interference colours

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, the intrinsic optical anisotropy factor Δg of 2D CTO is estimated to be 1.5 × 10 -11 C 2 J −1 m −1 utilizing the formula of Δg = 2nε 0 ; Δn sat , where n, ε 0 and ; are average refractive index, vacuum dielectric constant and volume concentration of 2D CTO, respectively. This value is larger than the maximum one in other reported materials 48,49 (Supplementary Table 2) and thus gives rise to the giant specific Cotton-Mouton coefficient C sp according to C sp ¼ Δg 2nε 0 λ Δn sat ∂S ∂H 2 (Supplementary Note 1), a parameter that describes magnetic sensitivity. At low magnetic field, C sp is calculated to be 3.9 × 10 6 T −2 m −1 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Deep ultraviolet hydrogel based on 2D cobalt-doped titanate

Ding

Huang

et al. 2023

Light Sci Appl

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Birefringent optical elements that work in deep ultraviolet (DUV) region become increasingly important these years. However, most of the DUV optical elements have fixed birefringence which is hard to be tuned. Here, we invent a birefringence-tunable optical hydrogel with mechano-birefringence effect in the DUV region, based on two-dimensional (2D) low-cobalt-doped titanate. This 2D oxide material has an optical anisotropy factor of 1.5 × 10–11 C2 J−1 m−1, larger than maximum value obtained previously, leading to an extremely large specific magneto-optical Cotton-Mouton coefficient of 3.9 × 106 T−2 m−1. The extremely large coefficient enables the fabrication of birefringent hydrogel in a small magnetic field with an ultra-low concentration of 2D oxide material. The hydrogel can stably and continuously modulate 303 nm DUV light with large phase tunability by varying the strain (compression or stretching) from 0 to 50%. Our work opens the door to design and fabricate new proof-of-concept DUV birefringence-tunable element, as demonstrated by optical hydrogels capable of DUV modulation by mechanical stimuli.

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“…In this work, ϕ is a constant as suspensions of L1A–L4A have the same concentration. Δ n s and 1/ϕ IB are proportional to the average optical anisotropy factor Δ g and the aspect ratio of 2D material, respectively. ,, In terms of the interplay between the shape anisotropy with magnetic/optic anisotropy, , the suspension of CTO with a larger lateral size is expected to exhibit higher Δ n s and 1/ϕ IB , which cooperatively produce a larger CM coefficient. Such tendency can be substantiated by fitting the magneto-birefringence in the low magnetic field (Figure b), which gives the C CM of 40, 100, 370, and 930 T –2 m –1 for L1A, L2A, L3A, and L4A suspensions, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Largely Tunable Magneto-Coloration of Monolayer 2D Materials via Size Tailoring

et al. 2021

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Magnetically influenced light-matter interaction provides a contactless, noninvasive and power-free way for material characterization and light modulation. Shape anisotropy of active materials mainly determines the sensitivity of magneto-optic response, thereby making magnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials suitable in achieving the giant magneto-birefringence effect as discovered recently. Consequently, relationship between magneto-birefringence response and shape anisotropy of 2D materials is critical but has remained elusive, restricting its widespread applications. Here, we report the highly sensitive and largely tunable magneto-coloration via manipulating the shape-anisotropy of magnetic 2D materials. We reveal a quadratic increasing relationship between the magneto-optic Cotton–Mouton coefficient and the lateral size of 2D materials and achieve a more than one order of magnitude tunable response. This feature enables the engineerable transmissive magneto-coloration of 2D materials by tailoring their shape anisotropy. Our work deepens the understanding of the tunability of magneto-optic response by size effect of active materials, offering various opportunities for their applications in vast areas where color is concerned.

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Magnetic birefringence of minerals

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

A 2D material–based transparent hydrogel with engineerable interference colours

A 2D material–based transparent hydrogel with engineerable interference colours

Deep ultraviolet hydrogel based on 2D cobalt-doped titanate

Largely Tunable Magneto-Coloration of Monolayer 2D Materials via Size Tailoring

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