Magnetic biochar derived from sewage sludge of concentrated natural rubber latex (CNRL) for the removal of Al3+ and Cu2+ ions from wastewater

Enhancement the rhodamine 6G adsorption property on Fe3O4-composited biochar derived from rice husk

“…After the pyrolysis process, the BC materials were washed several times with distilled water to remove fine particulates, water-soluble organic residuals, and impurities. The BC (20 g) was then dried in an oven at 80°C for 2 h. The BC was ground and stored in closed vessels [9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…For the SEM images, these mainly depend on the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the surface characteristics of BC materials such as the number of pore structures and large cavities presented on the surface which was increased with the increasing pyrolysis temperature. Generally, surface and porosity construction of biochar was not fully developed at the low pyrolytic temperatures [10,11,21]. The observation of developing the rough surface and porosity on BC materials was employed by increase the pyrolysis temperature to improve the surface morphology for adsorption application including the surface areas, pore volumes and pore sizes.…”

“…Biochar, prepared by the pyrolysis of biomass in an oxygen-limited atmosphere, is a porous and carbonaceous product with high porosity. Biochar has been employed for many applications such as soil amendment, fertilizer or removal of contaminants from wastewater [8][9][10]. Hence, the use of biochar derived from agricultural waste as an adsorbent is an alternative choice for the removal of dye from contaminated water.…”

“…Hence, the use of biochar derived from agricultural waste as an adsorbent is an alternative choice for the removal of dye from contaminated water. The adsorption property of biochar not only depends on the biomass used but also on the pyrolysis conditions because the surface area, porosity, chemical content and surface chemistry such functional group of the biochar are significantly affected by pyrolysis temperature [8][9][10].…”

“…Moreover, in order to increase the adsorption efficiency, facilitate the treatment of spent biochar after adsorption process and enable the biochar in various applications and fields for the removal of contaminants in water, we developed the magnetic property of biochar with the attachment of metallic ions on the surface of biochar. to increase its magnetic effect [9,10]. The removal of rhodamine 6G from aqueous solution by modified biochar compared with pristine biochar was reported.…”