Magnetic BiFeO3 Nanoparticles: A Robust and Efficient Nanocatalyst for the Green One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Highly Substituted 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one/thione Derivatives

Abstract

In this research, magnetic bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (BFO MNPs) were prepared through a convenient method and characterized. The structure and morphological characteristics of the prepared nanomaterial were confirmed through analyses using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping image, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. The obtained magnetic BFO nanomaterial was investigated, as a heterogeneous Lewis acid, in three component synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs/DHPMTs). It was found that BFO MNPs exhibit remarkable efficacy in the synthesis of various DHPMs as well as their thione analogues. It is noteworthy that the research features environmentally friendly conditions, short reaction time, a simple and straightforward work-up method, good to excellent yields, low catalyst loading, and the recyclability/reusability of the catalyst, distinguishing it from other recently reported methods. Additionally, the structure of the DHPMs/DHPMTs was confirmed through 1H NMR, FT-IR, and melting point analyses. This environmentally sensible approach highlights the potential of the catalyst as a sustainable and efficient option in green chemistry applications.