Magnetic Actuation of Flexible Microelectrode Arrays for Neural Activity Recordings

Gao, Lei; Wang, Jinfen; Guan, Shouliang; Du, Mingde; Wu, Kun; Xu, Ke; Zou, Liang; Tian, Huihui; Fang, Ying

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03232

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…For example, Luan et al (2017) reported a fabrication yield for connected microelectrode channels of 83% for the ultraflexible intracortical probes. Likewise, Guan et al (2019) reported that processing steps to produce neurotassel technology resulted in a device yield of >80%. In each case, studies excluded non-functional microelectrode sites and, in some cases, entire devices when evidence indicated that the custom probes exhibited physical defects [32,46].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracortical Microelectrode Array Unit Yield under Chronic Conditions: A Comparative Evaluation

et al. 2021

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While microelectrode arrays (MEAs) offer the promise of elucidating functional neural circuitry and serve as the basis for a cortical neuroprosthesis, the challenge of designing and demonstrating chronically reliable technology remains. Numerous studies report “chronic” data but the actual time spans and performance measures corresponding to the experimental work vary. In this study, we reviewed the experimental durations that constitute chronic studies across a range of MEA types and animal species to gain an understanding of the widespread variability in reported study duration. For rodents, which are the most commonly used animal model in chronic studies, we examined active electrode yield (AEY) for different array types as a means to contextualize the study duration variance, as well as investigate and interpret the performance of custom devices in comparison to conventional MEAs. We observed wide-spread variance within species for the chronic implantation period and an AEY that decayed linearly in rodent models that implanted commercially-available devices. These observations provide a benchmark for comparing the performance of new technologies and highlight the need for consistency in chronic MEA studies. Additionally, to fully derive performance under chronic conditions, the duration of abiotic failure modes, biological processes induced by indwelling probes, and intended application of the device are key determinants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracortical Microelectrode Array Unit Yield under Chronic Conditions: A Comparative Evaluation

et al. 2021

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“…After washing with PBS three times (10 minutes every time), the brain slice was incubated with 1 µg mL -1 DAPI (C1002, Beyotime) for 10 minutes. [35] After immunostaining, the brain slice was rinsed with PBS five times (10 minutes every time). Fluoromount G was added to prevent fluorescence quenching.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there was minimal change in the densities of both neuronal somas and neurites around the implanted NEA probe. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that chronically implanted NEAs induced greatly reduced neuronal loss and astrocyte activation in the brain compared to silicon probes [35] (Figure S9, Supporting Information). These results confirm the good biocompatibility of chronically implanted NEAs in the brain.…”

Section: Innervated Interfaces Between Neas and Neural Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free‐Standing Nanofilm Electrode Arrays for Long‐Term Stable Neural Interfacings

et al. 2021

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relate neural activity with stimulus and action across multiple timescales-from millisecond-precise spiking patterns that represent sensory and motor information to longer-term neural plasticity that enables neural circuits to progressively adapt to changing environmental contingencies. [2,3] High-density silicon probes and microwire arrays [4][5][6][7] are valuable tools for large-scale recordings of neuronal activity at single-spike resolution and have been applied to show that perceptual learning involves distributed brain regions. [8,9] However, the mechanical mismatch between stiff probes and soft neural tissues can cause micromotion-related inflammatory responses and recording instabilities, [10][11][12] limiting their long-term use in basic and biomedical applications. Flexible probes, including injectable mesh electronics, [13] nano electronic thread, [14] and Neurotassel, [15] have been developed to reduce the mechanical mismatch between probes and tissues. These probes have shown greatly reduced micromotion and inflammatory responses in the brain, thus leading to improved long-term stability in neuronal recordings. However, the bending stiffness of micrometer-thick polymer substrates in these flexible probes is typically two orders of magnitude higher than that of nanofilm electrodes, making it a limiting factor in cellular-scale electrode-tissue interfacings. It is thus highly desirable to develop novel neural electrode technologies [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] that can enable intimate integration with neural tissues and stable tracking of neuronal activity over long terms.In this study, we develop free-standing nanofilm electrode arrays for intimate neural interfacings and stable neuronal activity tracking over long terms. To assist depth implantation into the brain, each NEA was encapsulated into a biodissolvable polymer carrier through elastocapillary selfassembly. After implantation into mouse brain, the high flexibility of free-standing gold nanofilms facilitated their intimate and innervated integration with neural tissues. As a result, chronically implanted NEAs could allow stable tracking of the same populations of neurons over months. This capability allowed us to study how the same neuronal populations in the dorsal striatum represent and update stimulus-outcome associations across multiple timescales during perceptual learning.Flexible neural electrodes integrated on micrometer-thick polymer substrates offer important opportunities for improving the stability of neuronal activity recordings during cognitive processes. However, the bending stiffness of micrometer-thick polymer substrates is typically two orders of magnitude higher than that of nanofilm electrodes, making it a limiting factor in electrode-tissue interfacings. Here, this limitation is overcome by developing self-assembled nanofilm electrode arrays (NEAs) that consist of high-density, free-standing gold nanofilm electrodes. Chronically implanted NEAs can form intimate and innervated interfaces with neural...

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“…Gao et al developed flexible magnetic neural probes that can be remotely actuated by external magnetic fields. [219] Using the iron-nickel alloy as a magnetic material and electroplated platinum as a neural interface, the neural probes were implanted to the motor cortex of the mouse brain through magnetic force (Figure 12h). The impedance of the electrode was ≈74 kΩ at 1 kHz, and the recorded extracellular potentials at motor cortex had ≈110 µV of average amplitude for four weeks.…”

Section: Neural Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Electrodes for Bioelectronics

et al. 2021

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Magnetic Actuation of Flexible Microelectrode Arrays for Neural Activity Recordings

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Intracortical Microelectrode Array Unit Yield under Chronic Conditions: A Comparative Evaluation

Intracortical Microelectrode Array Unit Yield under Chronic Conditions: A Comparative Evaluation

Free‐Standing Nanofilm Electrode Arrays for Long‐Term Stable Neural Interfacings

3D Electrodes for Bioelectronics

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