Magnesium-β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites as a Potential Orthopedic Implant: A Mechanical/Damping/Immersion Perspective

Abstract

The design and development of novel magnesium-based materials with suitable alloying elements and bio-ceramic reinforcements can act as a possible solution to the ever-increasing demand of high performance bioresorbable orthopedic implant. In the current study, Mg-β-tricalcium phosphate composites are synthesized using the hybrid powder metallurgy technique, followed by hot extrusion. The influence of addition of (0.5, 1, and 1.5) vol % β-tricalcium phosphate on the mechanical, damping, and immersion characteristics of pure magnesium are studied. The addition of β-tricalcium phosphate enhanced the yield strength, ultimate compressive strength, and compressive fracture strain of pure magnesium by about~34%,~53%, and~22%, respectively. Also, Mg 1.5 vol % β-tricalcium phosphate composite exhibited a~113% enhancement in the damping characteristics when compared to pure magnesium. A superior~70% reduction in the grain size was observed by the addition of 1.5 vol % β-tricalcium phosphate particles to pure Mg. The response of Mg-β-tricalcium phosphate composites is studied under the influence of chloride environment using Hanks' balanced salt solution. The dynamic passivation was realized faster for the composite samples as compared to pure Mg, which resulted in decreased corrosion rates with the addition of β-tricalcium phosphate particles to pure Mg.

Processing and Mechanical Properties of a Tricalcium Phosphate-Dispersed Magnesium-Based Composite

“…The yield strengths, tensile strength (R m ), and elongation (A) of the extruded X0/¢-TCP/10p composite were all lower than those of the extruded X0 alloy. Nevertheless, the strength of our composite is higher than that of TCP-containing magnesium composites reported in the literature 7,8,11,12,21,22) (Table 3).…”

The Potential of Magnesium Based Materials in Mandibular Reconstruction

“…Smaller grain sizes result in a higher number of grain boundaries leading to higher energies. Thus, increased chemical activities lead to increased surface reactivities, thereby creating a protective layer by alleviating the extent of localized corrosion [106]. Nanosized secondary phases have higher surface areas with increased surface and edge defects influencing biological reactions such as protein adsorption and cell adhesion.…”

“…Nanosized secondary phases have higher surface areas with increased surface and edge defects influencing biological reactions such as protein adsorption and cell adhesion. These reactions are possible due to the unique surface roughness properties of the nanophases as a result of their reduced grain size, crystallinity (texture), and micro porosity [106]. Several metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, and borides at nano-length scales have been successful in improving the mechanical and anti-corrosion properties of monolithic magnesium [66,107].…”

Hollow silica reinforced magnesium nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and biological properties with computational modeling analysis for mandibular reconstruction

“…However, usage of magnesium in the clinical application has been limited by its low strength, poor formability, lower fatigue resistance, and rapid degradation in high chloride physiological environment 16,17 . The addition of nano-length scale reinforcements (<3 vol.%) into the Mg matrix has been shown to overcome these limitations with simultaneous improvements in strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance of the material [18][19][20][21][22] .…”