Magnesium Utilization in Wethers Fed Diets with Varying Ratios of Nitrogen to Readily Fermentable Carbohydrate

House, William A.; Mayland, H. F.

doi:10.2527/jas1976.434842x

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A great deal of evidence has accumulated which suggests that the nature of the diet, not necessarily its Mg content, is important in affecting Mg utilization (Butler and Jones, 1973). High N and K fertilization of pastures (Kemp et al, 1961;Metson et al, 1966;Fontenot et al, 1973), reduced energy content of diets (Madsen et al, 1976;House and Mayland, 1976), chelating agents such as organic acids and higher fatty acids (Burau and Stout, 1965;Bohman et al, 1969;Kemp et al, 1966;Wilson et al, 1969) and interference 565 by other cations (Grunes et al, 1970) have been implicated in the etiology of the disease.…”

Section: ------~----------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partition of Mg in Forages as Affected by Fertilization, Species, Growth Stage, and Sample Preparation¹

Shockey¹,

Reid

1984

Agronomy Journal

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A 2‐year study was conducted in order to study the chemical form of Mg in different grass and legume species that are commonly used for livestock feeding in the Northeastern United States. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were treated with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4. 7H2O) and dolomitic limestone (CaCO3.MgCO3) at 280 kg Mg ha−1, or with no Mg fertilizer. The soil was a fine, loamy, mixed, mesic Hapludalf. Grass species received 34 or 224 kg N ha−1 as NH4NO3. In the 1st year samples were taken at four growth stages, prepared as fresh, oven‐dried or freeze‐dried herbage and partitioned into acetone soluble, water soluble, and acetone and water insoluble fractions. In the 2nd year samples were taken at two growth stages and prepared as fresh material only. Fertilization with MgSO4. 7H2O increased (P<0.01) total Mg concentrations in herbage compared to CaCO3. MgCO3 and no Mg treatments. High N fertilization of the grass species increased (P<0.01) total Mg levels compared to low N treatments. Magnesium as percent total Mg in each chemical fraction was affected (P<0.05) by forage species, stage of maturity and method of sample preparation and ranged from 0.7 to 24.8% (x̄ = 6.7%) for acetone soluble, 42.8 to 82.3% (x̄ = 65.7%) for water soluble, and 15.5 to 42.9% (x̄ = 27.6%) for acetone and water insoluble Mg fractions over all treatments. The proportion of total Mg in the water soluble fraction was higher (P<0.05) at mature growth stages for alfalfa and tall fescue compared to orchardgrass and the proportion of Mg extractable with acetone was less (P<0.0001) for dried compared to fresh sample preparations. Although fertilizer treatments affected total herbage Mg concentrations, there was no apparent effect of fertilization upon the chemical form of Mg in the plant.

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confidence: 99%

Partition of Mg in Forages as Affected by Fertilization, Species, Growth Stage, and Sample Preparation¹

Shockey¹,

Reid

1984

Agronomy Journal

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“…They suggested that one of the factors limiting forage N utilization is likely the amount of soluble sugars and other readily hydrolizable carbohydrates available in the forage, especially when N concentrations are high. House and Mayland (1976) observed that ruminal NH4-N levels increased (P <0.05) as dietary su-crose intake decreased. Madsen et al (1976) reported that glucose supplementation did reduce urinary N excretion.…”

Section: Forage Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…10), and Follett et al (1975) showed that N fertilization increased the NITWSC ratio of the forage. House and Mayland (1976) found that apparent Mg availability to sheep was increased by supplementing a low Mg diet with sucrose. Madsen et al (1976) reported that glucose supplemented to hay-fed sheep increased apparent Mg absorption (P < 0.01) as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Forage Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Climate-Plant Relationships in the Etiology of Grass Tetany

Mayland¹,

Gruñes²

2015

ASA Special Publications

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Hypomagnesemia is a metabolic disorder of ruminants not receiving adequate utilizable magnesium, either because of low Mg concentration in the forage or because of complicating factors affecting Mg availability. The disorder is more likely to affect cattle than sheep or goats and generally affects older, lactating animals. Magnesium deficiency may result in decreased milk or beef production (Grunes & Mayland, 1975; Grunes et al., 1970). An intensified hypomagnesemia, known as grass tetany, has caused a large number of cattle deaths in the temperate regions of the United States and other countries, resulting in losses of up to 3% in dairy or beef herds in a bad year (Baker & Gould, 1976; Grunes et al., 1970; Mansfield et al., 1975; Molloy, 1971). In some individual herds in some years losses have been even higher. Reid et al. (1978a) estimated annual losses in the United States at 1 to 2% of mature grazing animals. The severity of the problem is quite sporadic. Many factors affect Mg uptake by plants and its subsequent availability to animals. It is our objective to discuss the soil, climate, and plant factors that may ultimately affect Mg intake and availability to ruminants.

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“…A low level of fermentable carbohydrates in tetany-prone grass has been suggested to decrease Mg 2+ availability ( 95 ) . Vice versa, drenching of grazing dairy cattle with a starch solution increased plasma Mg 2+ concentration ( 115 ) and digestion of Mg 2+ ( 57 ) although Mg 2+ absorption was not consistently improved ( 116 ) . In ruminal fluid, the addition of fermentable carbohydrates causes: (a) an increase in the concentration of SCFA ( 117 ) , (b) a decrease in pH ( 117 ) , which (c) enhances Mg 2+ solubility ( 105 ) , (d) a decrease in NH 4 + concentration, and (e) an increase of the number and size of rumen papilla ( 118 ) , with the latter increasing the area for Mg 2+ absorption ( 119 ) .…”

Section: Modulation Of Ruminal Mg2+ Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: absorption and excretion

et al. 2018

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Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral without known specific regulatory mechanisms. In ruminants, plasma Mg2+ concentration depends primarily on the balance between Mg2+ absorption and Mg2+ excretion. The primary site of Mg2+ absorption is the rumen, where Mg2+ is apically absorbed by both potential-dependent and potential-independent uptake mechanisms, reflecting involvement of ion channels and electroneutral transporters, respectively. Transport is energised in a secondary active manner by a basolateral Na+/Mg2+ exchanger. Ruminal transport of Mg2+ is significantly influenced by a variety of factors such as high K+ concentration, sudden increases of ammonia, pH, and the concentration of SCFA. Impaired Mg2+ absorption in the rumen is not compensated for by increased transport in the small or large intestine. While renal excretion can be adjusted to compensate precisely for any surplus in Mg2+ uptake, a shortage in dietary Mg2+ cannot be compensated for either via skeletal mobilisation of Mg2+ or via up-regulation of ruminal absorption. In such situations, hypomagnesaemia will lead to decrease of a Mg2+ in the cerebrospinal fluid and clinical manifestations of tetany. Improved knowledge concerning the factors governing Mg2+ homeostasis will allow reliable recommendations for an adequate Mg2+ intake and for the avoidance of possible disturbances. Future research should clarify the molecular identity of the suggested Mg2+ transport proteins and the regulatory mechanisms controlling renal Mg excretion as parameters influencing Mg2+ homeostasis.

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Magnesium Utilization in Wethers Fed Diets with Varying Ratios of Nitrogen to Readily Fermentable Carbohydrate

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Partition of Mg in Forages as Affected by Fertilization, Species, Growth Stage, and Sample Preparation¹

Partition of Mg in Forages as Affected by Fertilization, Species, Growth Stage, and Sample Preparation¹

Soil-Climate-Plant Relationships in the Etiology of Grass Tetany

Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: absorption and excretion

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Magnesium Utilization in Wethers Fed Diets with Varying Ratios of Nitrogen to Readily Fermentable Carbohydrate

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Partition of Mg in Forages as Affected by Fertilization, Species, Growth Stage, and Sample Preparation1

Partition of Mg in Forages as Affected by Fertilization, Species, Growth Stage, and Sample Preparation1

Soil-Climate-Plant Relationships in the Etiology of Grass Tetany

Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: absorption and excretion

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Product

Resources

About

Partition of Mg in Forages as Affected by Fertilization, Species, Growth Stage, and Sample Preparation¹

Partition of Mg in Forages as Affected by Fertilization, Species, Growth Stage, and Sample Preparation¹