Magnesium supplementation reduces inflammation in rats with induced chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Background: Inflammation is a common feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that appears specifically associated with cardiovascular derangements in CKD patients.Observational studies have revealed a link between low Mg levels and inflammation. In this study, we hypothesize that Mg might have a modulatory effect on the inflammation induced under the uremic milieu.Methods: In vivo studies were performed in a 5/6 nephrectomized rat model of CKD. Furthermore, a possible direct effect of Mg was addressed through in vitro studies with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Results: Uremic rats fed a normal (0.1%) Mg diet showed a systemic inflammatory response evidenced by the elevation in plasma of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and GPx activity, a marker of oxidative stress. Importantly, an increased expression of these cytokines in the aortic tissue was also observed. In contrast, a dietary Mg supplementation (0.6%), greatly prevented the oxidative stress and the proinflammatory response. In vitro, in VSMCs cultured in a pro-inflammatory high-phosphate medium, incubation with Mg 1.6 mM inhibited the increase in the production of ROS, the rise in the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 and the activation of NF-κB signaling that was observed in cells incubated with a normal (0.8 mM) Mg. Conclusion:Mg supplementation reduced inflammation associated to CKD; exerting a direct effect on vascular cells. These findings support a possible beneficial effect of Mg supplementation along the clinical management of CKD patients.

Yishen Qingli Heluo Granule in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease: Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation

“…It has been widely used to study the therapeutic effect of drugs on CKD. 37–39 Moreover, the 5/6 nephrectomy model also show significant gut microbiota dysbiosis, 40 , 41 and this model may be suitable in this study.…”

Yishen Qingli Heluo Granule Ameliorates Renal Dysfunction in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats by Targeting Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Integrity

“…At present, the 5/6 nephrectomy model has been recognized as the classical model most similar to human CKD. It has been widely used to study the therapeutic effect of drugs on CKD ( Mizukami et al, 2019 ; López-Baltanás et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ). Moreover, the 5/6 nephrectomy model also show significant gut microbiota dysbiosis ( Liu et al, 2018 ; Feng et al, 2019 ), and this model may be suitable in this study.…”

Dietary supplementation with potassium-magnesium sulfate modulates the antioxidant capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota in weaned piglets

“… Xie et al (2019) reported that magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate suppresses LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells ( Xie et al, 2019 ). Lopez-Baltanas et al (2021) found that magnesium supplementation reduces inflammation in rats with induced chronic kidney disease ( Lopez-Baltanas et al, 2021 ). Moreover, magnesium sulfate differentially modulates fetal membrane inflammation in a time-dependent manner ( Cross et al, 2018 ).…”