Magnesium Supplementation Diminishes Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte DNA Oxidative Damage in Athletes and Sedentary Young Man

Abstract

Sedentary lifestyle is highly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. It is known that regular physical activity has positive effects on health; however several studies have shown that acute and strenuous exercise can induce oxidative stress and lead to DNA damage. As magnesium is essential in maintaining DNA integrity, the aim of this study was to determine whether four-week-long magnesium supplementation in students with sedentary lifestyle and rugby players could prevent or diminish impairment of DNA. By using the comet assay, our study demonstrated that the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with basal endogenous DNA damage is significantly higher in rugby players compared to students with sedentary lifestyle. On the other hand, magnesium supplementation significantly decreased the number of cells with high DNA damage, in the presence of exogenous H2O2, in PBL from both students and rugby players, and markedly reduced the number of cells with medium DNA damage in rugby players compared to corresponding control nonsupplemented group. Accordingly, the results of our study suggest that four-week-long magnesium supplementation has marked effects in protecting the DNA from oxidative damage in both rugby players and in young men with sedentary lifestyle. Clinical trial is registered at ANZCTR Trial Id: ACTRN12615001237572.

Effect of Melatonin Supplementation on Antioxidant Status and DNA Damage in High Intensity Trained Athletes

“…Therefore, this study provides further data that prove that the cor-relation found between the antioxidant status and DNA damage in the melatonin-treated group may explain the association between higher TAC and less DNA damage with melatonin supplementation. Evidence indicates that supplementation with other nutrients showed protective effects in reducing the level of H2O2-induced PBL DNA damage in physically active individuals [27]. The results from the comet assay combined with our results on antioxidant status suggest that the decrease in spontaneous DNA damage observed after training is most likely ascribable to melatonin supplementation.…”

A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

“…Iron Involved in regulation of cytokine production and action [3]; required for generation of pathogen-killing ROS by neutrophils during oxidative burst [7] Copper Accumulates at sites of inflammation [7,35]; part of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase, a key enzyme in defense against ROS [8]; free-radical scavenger [58]; changes in copper homeostasis a crucial component of respiratory burst [8]; important for IL-2 production and response [7,35]; maintains intracellular antioxidant balance, suggesting important role in inflammatory response [8] Selenium Essential for function of selenoproteins that act as redox regulators and cellular antioxidants, potentially counteracting ROS produced during oxidative stress [2] Magnesium Can help to protect DNA against oxidative damage [37]; high concentrations reduce superoxide anion production [59] Differentiation, proliferation and normal functioning of T cells Vitamin A Involved in development and differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells [60]; enhances TGF-β-dependent conversion of naïve T cells into regulatory T cells [8]; plays a role in acquisition of mucosal-homing properties by T and B cells [8] Vitamin D Homing of T cells to the skin [61]; calcitriol inhibits T-cell proliferation [7]; inhibitory effects mainly in adaptive immunity (e.g., Th1-cell activity) [7]; stimulatory effects in innate immunity [7]; inhibits the effector functions of T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells [27,62], but promotes the production of Tregs [27,62,63]; inhibitory effect on the differentiation and maturation of the antigen-presenting DCs, and helps program DCs for tolerance [27,[64][65][66] Vitamin C Roles in production, differentiation, and proliferation of T cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells [3,21] Vitamin E Enhances lymphocyte proliferation and T-cell-mediated functions [3]; optimizes and enhances Th1 response [3] Vitamin B6 Involved in lymphocyt...…”

“…Through a Fenton-like reaction, copper can also catalyze the formation of ROS and is thus used to kill pathogens [8,90], while it also acts as a free-radical scavenger [58]. Magnesium helps to protect DNA against oxidative damage and is involved in the regulation of apoptosis [37].…”

“…Lack of nutritious food or certain food groups because of limited availability, income, or lifestyle choices (e.g., vegetarianism or veganism) has an impact. A stressful lifestyle, often accompanied by lack of sleep and reduced physical activity, can increase oxidative stress and thus increase the need for antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, as well as magnesium to help repair DNA [37]. Certain health conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, also have an adverse effect on micronutrient status [167,168], as do genetic factors/polymorphisms (e.g., on fat soluble vitamins such as cholecalciferol) [169,170].…”

Magnesium and vitamin B2 supplementation is an important nutritional resource of sports medicine

“…Дотации магния (400 мг/сут, 4 нед.) снижали окислительное повреждение лимфоцитов периферической крови у регбистов [71]: спортсмены характеризовались значительно меньшими общими количествами клеток с повреждениями ДНК в присутствии H 2 O 2 по сравнению с контрольной группой (p = 0,002, рис. 13).…”