Magnesium-Rich Calcium Phosphate Derived from Tilapia Bone Has Superior Osteogenic Potential

Abstract

We extracted magnesium-rich calcium phosphate bioceramics from tilapia bone using a gradient thermal treatment approach and investigated their chemical and physicochemical properties. X-ray diffraction showed that tilapia fish bone-derived hydroxyapatite (FHA) was generated through the first stage of thermal processing at 600–800 °C. Using FHA as a precursor, fish bone biphasic calcium phosphate (FBCP) was produced after the second stage of thermal processing at 900–1200 °C. The beta-tricalcium phosphate content in the FBCP increased with an increasing calcination temperature. The fact that the lattice spacing of the FHA and FBCP was smaller than that of commercial hydroxyapatite (CHA) suggests that Mg-substituted calcium phosphate was produced via the gradient thermal treatment. Both the FHA and FBCP contained considerable quantities of magnesium, with the FHA having a higher concentration. In addition, the FHA and FBCP, particularly the FBCP, degraded faster than the CHA. After one day of degradation, both the FHA and FBCP released Mg2+, with cumulative amounts of 4.38 mg/L and 0.58 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the FHA and FBCP demonstrated superior bone-like apatite formation; they are non-toxic and exhibit better osteoconductive activity than the CHA. In light of our findings, bioceramics originating from tilapia bone appear to be promising in biomedical applications such as fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds.

Biomimetic Bone-Like Composite Hydrogel Scaffolds Composed of Collagen Fibrils and Natural Hydroxyapatite for Promoting Bone Repair

“…The main component of natural bone is nonstoichiometric HAp, which contains carbonate ions and numerous trace elements. 23 When bones are calcined, carbonate ions are converted to calcium oxide, resulting in HAp with calcium oxide and various trace elements. The presence of trace elements can promote new bone tissue, enhancing the biological performance of HAp.…”

Hydroxyapatite as a Material for Transplantology: Clinical Experience and Prospects of Application

“…For example, the specific surface area of synthesized hydroxyapatite is in the range of values typical of native bone tissue [184]. This method results in a material with native porosity [185,186]. This is largely responsible for high indicators of biocompatibility, adhesive and osteogenic activity, which is clearly reflected in modern studies (presented in Table 2).…”