Magnesium intakes, balances, and blood levels of adults consuming self-selected diets

Lakshmanan, Florence Lazicki; Rao, Rani B; Kim, Wendy W; Kelsay, June L.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/40.6.1380

Cited by 67 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A high protein intake has also been associated with an increased magnesium absorption in young women (Lakshmanan et al, 1984). In our study, the total protein intake was higher among the control group whereas protein intake related to body weight was similar between diet groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Long-term effect of a plant-based diet on magnesium status during pregnancy

et al. 2004

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Objective: To compare dietary magnesium intake and magnesium concentrations in serum, red blood cells (RBC) and urine during pregnancy of women habitually following a long-term plant-based diet and of women following an average Western (control) diet. Design: Prospective study during pregnancy. Setting: Giessen, Germany. Subjects: Healthy pregnant women (n ¼ 108) in their 9-12th, 20-22nd and 36-38th gestational week habitually following a plant-based diet for more than 3 y or an average Western diet. The vegetarians were subdivided into ovo-lacto vegetarians (n ¼ 27) and low-meat eaters (n ¼ 43). Results: Significant higher dietary magnesium intakes were observed in pregnant women consuming a plant-based diet (508714 mg/day for ovo-lacto vegetarians, Po0.001 and 504711 mg/day for low-meat eaters, Po0.001) than in pregnant women consuming a control diet (41279 mg/day). Serum magnesium concentrations were similar in all diet groups whereas RBC magnesium was slightly higher in low-meat eaters than in controls (P ¼ 0.058). Urinary magnesium excretion was higher in ovo-lacto vegetarians (P ¼ 0.023), followed by low-meat eaters (P ¼ 0.017) when compared to the control group. During the third trimester of pregnancy, the frequency and the occurrence of calf cramps was lower in the plant-based diet group than in the control group (P ¼ 0.004 and 0.008). Conclusions: Owing to a higher dietary magnesium intake confirmed by higher urinary magnesium excretion, habitual plantbased diets result in a slightly improved magnesium status during pregnancy and reduce the frequency of calf cramps during the third trimester of pregnancy compared to an average Western diet. Therefore, plant-based diets during pregnancy can be recommended with regard to magnesium supply.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Long-term effect of a plant-based diet on magnesium status during pregnancy

et al. 2004

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“…In humans, a wide range (10 -75%) of magnesium absorption rates has been reported (Danielson et al, 1979;Schwartz et al, 1984;Schuette et al, 1990;Fine et al, 1991;Brink & Beynen 1992;Lönnerdal et al, 1993;Lönnerdal, 1995;Benech & Grognet, 1995;Serfaty-Lacrosniere et al, 1995;Knudsen et al, 1996;Fairweather-Tait & Hurrell, 1996;Andon et al, 1996;Abrams et al, 1997;Sojka et al, 1997) and have been recently reviewed (Ekmekcioglu, 2000); higher values have been observed in animal studies (Lönner-dal et al, 1993;Lazichi Lakshmanan et al, 1984;Kikunega et al, 1995). In these previous studies, various protocols have been applied, including balance studies (Lönnerdal et al, 1993;Lönnerdal, 1995;Serfaty-Lacrosniere et al, 1995;Andon et al, 1996), true bioavailability studies with stable (Schwartz et al, 1984;Schuette et al, 1990;Knudsen et al, 1996;Sojka et al, 1997) and have been recently reviewed (Ekmekcioglu, 2000); higher values have been observed in animal studies (Lönnerdal et al, 1993;Lazichi Lakshmana et al, 1984;Kikynega et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium bioavailability from mineral water. A study in adult men

et al. 2002

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Objective: To assess magnesium enteral absorption from a magnesium-rich mineral water. Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Brugmann Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. Subjects: Ten healthy male volunteers in the age range 25 -42 y. Intervention: Each subject completed two sessions in a random order. At one session, they received an oral load of 300 ml of water (containing 1.2 mmol Mg), traced with 28 Mg, and at the other session they received an intravenous injection of 28 Mg, in order to take into account the metabolism of endogenous magnesium. The dietary consumption was further noted on a weekly diary. Results: The mean bioavailability was 59.1% (s.d. AE 13.6). Magnesium absorption and age were significantly inversely correlated (r ¼ 70.68, P ¼ 0.035). Conclusion: Magnesium-rich mineral water is a reliable source of magnesium. Our observation of decreased magnesium absorption with age deserves further investigations. Sponsorship: The study was sponsored by SEV,

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“…A large proportion of the magnesium content of faeces stems from unabsorbed magnesium (Lakshmanan et al, 1984). The endogenous routes of elimination of absorbed magnesium through the digestive tract are bile, pancreatic and intestinal juices, and intestinal cells; part of these endogenous losses can be reabsorbed (Swaminathan, 2003).…”

Section: Faecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between magnesium intake and red blood cell magnesium concentration has been described as weak (Lakshmanan et al, 1984). Several weeks of low magnesium intake are needed for red blood cell magnesium concentration to decrease, so that this marker may reflect medium-term magnesium status.…”

Section: Red Blood Cell Magnesium Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for magnesium

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2015

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for magnesium. The Panel considers that Average Requirements (ARs) and Population Reference Intakes (PRIs) for magnesium cannot be derived for adults, infants or children, and therefore defines Adequate Intakes (AIs), based on observed intakes in healthy populations in the European Union (EU). This approach considers the range of average magnesium intakes estimated by EFSA from dietary surveys in children and adults in nine EU countries. For adults, an AI for magnesium is set at 350 mg/day for men and 300 mg/day for women. For children aged 1 to < 3 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 170 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 3 to < 10 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 230 mg/day for both sexes. For children aged 10 to < 18 years, an AI for magnesium is set at 300 mg/day for boys and 250 mg/day for girls. For infants aged 7-11 months, an AI for magnesium of 80 mg/day is derived by extrapolating upwards from the estimated magnesium intake in exclusively breast-fed infants aged 0-6 months and by considering observed average intakes in the few surveys for which data are available. For pregnant and lactating women, the Panel considers that there is no evidence for an increased need for magnesium, and the same AI is set for them as for non-pregnant, non-lactating women. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. It occurs as the free cation Mg 2+ in aqueous solutions or as the mineral part of a large variety of compounds, including chlorides, carbonates and hydroxides. Magnesium is a cofactor of more than 300 enzymatic reactions, acting either on the enzyme itself as a structural or catalytic component or on the substrate, especially for reactions involving ATP, which make magnesium essential in the intermediary metabolism for the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, as well as for specific actions in various organs in the neuromuscular or cardiovascular system. Magnesium deficiency can cause hypocalcaemia and hypokalaemia, leading to neurological or cardiac symptoms when it is associated with marked hypomagnesaemia. Owing to the widespread involvement of magnesium in numerous physiological functions and the metabolic interactions between magnesium and other minerals, it is difficult to relate magnesium deficiency to specific symptoms.Magnesium absorption takes place in the distal intestine, mainly as the ionised form. Percentage absorption is generally considered to be 40-50 %, but figures from 10 to 70 % have also been reported. Magnesium absorption can be inhibited by phytic acid and phosphate and enhanced by the fermentation of soluble dietary fibre, although the physiological relevance of these interactions at adequate intakes remains to be established.The majority of the body magnesium content is stored in bone (about 60 %) and muscle (about 25 %). A small amount is present in the serum, mainly as the free cation. Most cells ...

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Magnesium intakes, balances, and blood levels of adults consuming self-selected diets

Cited by 67 publications

References 20 publications

Long-term effect of a plant-based diet on magnesium status during pregnancy

Long-term effect of a plant-based diet on magnesium status during pregnancy

Magnesium bioavailability from mineral water. A study in adult men

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for magnesium

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