Magnesium in schizophrenia

Ordak, Michał; Matras, Joanna; Muszyńska, Elżbieta; Nasierowski, Tadeusz; Bujalska‐Zadrożny, Magdalena

doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.022

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Serum ionized magnesium levels correlate with the level of cognitive function, while total serum magnesium levels do not [21]. As emerging evidence suggests that several psychopathological states, including schizophrenia, may be associated with metabolic changes involving Mg, supplementation with this required element is being investigated as an adjuvant therapy for some mental health conditions [120]. Low Mg levels along with high aluminum levels are consistently seen in Parkinson's disease and are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease [121].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Magnesium in Clinical Healthcare

2017

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The scientific literature provides extensive evidence of widespread magnesium deficiency and the potential need for magnesium repletion in diverse medical conditions. Magnesium is an essential element required as a cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions and is thus necessary for the biochemical functioning of numerous metabolic pathways. Inadequate magnesium status may impair biochemical processes dependent on sufficiency of this element. Emerging evidence confirms that nearly two-thirds of the population in the western world is not achieving the recommended daily allowance for magnesium, a deficiency problem contributing to various health conditions. This review assesses available medical and scientific literature on health issues related to magnesium. A traditional integrated review format was utilized for this study. Level I evidence supports the use of magnesium in the prevention and treatment of many common health conditions including migraine headache, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, asthma, premenstrual syndrome, preeclampsia, and various cardiac arrhythmias. Magnesium may also be considered for prevention of renal calculi and cataract formation, as an adjunct or treatment for depression, and as a therapeutic intervention for many other health-related disorders. In clinical practice, optimizing magnesium status through diet and supplementation appears to be a safe, useful, and well-documented therapy for several medical conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Magnesium in Clinical Healthcare

2017

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“…Their imbalance is able to interfere with the homeostasis, which has showed a key impact on the neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia 26 . Multiple studies have investigated the relationship between Mg and schizophrenia 27 . A significantly lower intraerythrocyte total Mg concentration has been observed in drug-naïve paranoid schizophrenic patients 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above epidemiological findings have also been supported by the studies of biological mechanisms. In particular, it has been reported that Mg reduces glutamate release and interacts with NMDA receptors 28 , enhancing the GABAergic system 31 , acting as a natural inhibitor of excitotoxicity receptors, and thus preventing neuronal death and the development of schizophrenia 27 . Similar to Mg, a significantly lower level of serum Ca in schizophrenic patients has also been suggested 17 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Serum Essential Metal Elements and the Risk of Schizophrenia in China

Yan

Guo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Numerous essential metal elements (EMEs) are necessary to maintain the proper function of human body. In this case-control study, we investigated the associations of 11 EMEs [Calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe)] in serum with the risk of schizophrenia. We recruited firstepisode and drug-naïve schizophrenic patients (cases = 99) and age-sex-matched normal subjects (controls = 99) from Tangshan, Hebei Province, China. The 11 EMEs in serum from cases and controls were quantified by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We observed that a higher level of Mn (OR = 2.390; 95%CI: 1.504-3.796) and lower levels of Ca (OR = 0.939; 95%CI: 0.890-0.990), Mg (OR = 0.806; 95%CI: 0.669-0.972), Na (oR = 0.995; 95%CI: 0.993-0.998), and Se (OR = 0.954; 95%CI: 0.937-0.972) were associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia. Dose-response relationships between serum EME concentrations and the risk of schizophrenia were observed in most of the schizophrenia-associated EMEs. Moreover, the serum concentrations of these schizophrenia-associated EMEs in patients were correlated with the severity of their clinical symptoms. Significant correlations were found between EMEs and biomarkers associated with schizophrenia related to metabolic and oxidative stress. This study suggested that the concentration and profile of EMEs were different between schizophrenic patients and normal controls and revealed potential metabolisms associated with EMEs and schizophrenia, suggesting EMEs might act as biomarkers of schizophrenia to improve the current situation of diagnosis and treatment. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with multiple risk factors including genetic susceptibility and environmental factors 1. It occurs in childhood, adolescence or adulthood and leads to disabling conditions which affect the life quality of the patients 2,3. Although numerous efforts have been made to understand its physiopathology 4-8 , the causes of this disease remain unclear. Further research is required to provide objective diagnosis and effective treatment. Studies have shown that the imbalance of metal elements led to biological malfunctions and nervous system damage, which may be associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia 9-11. Essential metal elements (EMEs) play essential roles and effects on neurological development through various immunological and metabolic processes 12,13. A number of studies have shown that the lack of beneficial EMEs and the excess of toxic EMEs are associated with the risk of schizophrenia. For example, reduced Se may cause oxidative stress which is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia 14. Magnesium has been reported to stimulate and participate in about 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, deficiency of it may be associated with many symptoms of schizophrenia such as apathy, irritability, anxiety and perso...

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“…A variety of neuromuscular and psychiatric symptoms, including depression, was reported in dysregulation of magnesium homeostasis [2,3,5]. Although the antidepressant activity of magnesium is mostly ascribed to the activity of the NMDA receptor, the mechanism of the antidepressant effect of magnesium is not yet fully understood [2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex occurs in many neuropsychiatric diseases. Some of these, such as depression, schizophrenia, mania, or anxiety disorders, may accompany magnesium and calcium homeostasis dysregulation [1][2][3][4][5]. Neuronal excitability is controlled by the activity of ion channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular divalent ions modulate TREK-2-like channel conductance in prefrontal pyramidal neurons in rats

Nurowska

Adamiec

Dworakowska

2019

Medical Research Journal

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Background: The aim of the study was to investigate, with the use of the patch clamp technique, the dependence of the conductance of the TREK-2-like potassium leak channel in the medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons on the presence of extracellular magnesium and calcium ions. It is suspected that TREK-2 channels regulate mood and may be associated with the pathophysiology of depression. Since magnesium and calcium deficiency contribute to depressive symptoms, we investigated how TREK-2-like channel pore properties change in the absence of divalent cations. Results: Single-channel currents were recorded in a cell-attached configuration in enzymatically dispersed pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex in rats. Spontaneous TREK-2-like channel activity was recorded either in the presence or absence of magnesium and calcium ions in extracellular solution. A significant increase in the inward channel conductance was observed when divalent cations were removed from the extracellular solution. Inward rectification was also increased when the bath temperature was raised to 34-37°C. Conclusions: The study confirmed that the activity of TREK-2-like channels is affected by the presence of magnesium and calcium ions in the extracellular solution. Therefore, in vivo, the TREK-2-like channel may possibly participate in the prefrontal cortex dysfunction associated with the deficiency of divalent cations.

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Magnesium in schizophrenia

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

The Importance of Magnesium in Clinical Healthcare

The Importance of Magnesium in Clinical Healthcare

Association between Serum Essential Metal Elements and the Risk of Schizophrenia in China

Extracellular divalent ions modulate TREK-2-like channel conductance in prefrontal pyramidal neurons in rats

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